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python3.6+django2.0开发一套学员管理系统

转载 作者：qq735679552 更新时间：2022-09-28 22:32:09 27 4
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1.在pycharm中新建project demo1 添加app01 点击create按钮完成新建 。

2.在demo项目目录下新建目录static，并在settings.py中追加代码:

python" id="highlighter_188896">
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STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static' ),)

3.在setting.py中添加模板路径:

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TEMPLATES = [
  {
   'BACKEND' : '...' ,
   'DIRS' : [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates' ),],
   'APP_DIRS' : ...,
   'OPTIONS' : {
    'context_processors' : [
     ...
    ],
   },
  },
]

4.学员管理系统数据库设计:

在app01/model.py目录下建立 班级、老师、学生 、老师与班级关联表 四张表:

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from django.db import models
 
# Create your models here.
 
 
class Classes(models.Model):
  '''
  班级表
  '''
  title = models.CharField(max_length = 32 )
  a = models.ManyToManyField( 'Teachers' )
 
 
class Teachers(models.Model):
  '''
  老师表
  '''
  name = models.CharField(max_length = 32 )
 
 
class Students(models.Model):
  username = models.CharField(max_length = 32 )
  age = models.IntegerField()
  gender = models.BooleanField()
  cs = models.ForeignKey(Classes,on_delete = models.CASCADE)

在终端Terminal 项目目录下执行数据表更新命令:

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python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

至此生成了四张数据表，可以在pycharm中，点开右上角的Database面板，然后将项目中templates目录下边的db.sqlite3鼠标拖拽到Database面板下，对新创建的数据表进行查看.

5.学员管理系统之班级管理:

为了方便分别操作班级、老师、学生相关的业务，将app01目录下的views.py 删掉，在app01目录下新建目录views，并在views目录下 新建classes.py teachers.py students.py.

1.在classes.py 中写 get_classes add_classes del_classes edit_classes四个函数，完成对 班级数据 的增删改查:

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from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from app01 import models
 
 
def get_classes(request):
  cls_list = models.Classes.objects. all ()
  return render(request, 'get_classes.html' ,{ 'cls_list' :cls_list})
 
def add_classes(request):
  if request.method = = 'GET' :
   return render(request, 'add_classes.html' )
  elif request.method = = 'POST' :
   title = request.POST.get( 'title' ,'')
   models.Classes.objects.create(title = title)
   return redirect( '/classes.html' )
 
def del_classes(request):
  nid = request.GET.get( 'nid' ,'')
  models.Classes.objects. filter ( id = nid).delete()
  return redirect( '/classes.html' )
 
def edit_classes(request):
  if request.method = = "GET" :
   nid = request.GET.get( 'nid' , '')
   obj = models.Classes.objects.get( id = nid)
   return render(request, 'edit_classes.html' ,{ 'obj' :obj})
  elif request.method = = "POST" :
   nid = request.POST.get( 'nid' ,'')
   title = request.POST.get( 'xxoo' ,'')
   models.Classes.objects. filter ( id = nid).update(title = title)
   return redirect( '/classes.html' )

2.在urls.py 中配置url路由：　　 。

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from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01.views import classes,students,teachers
 
urlpatterns = [
  path( 'admin/' , admin.site.urls),
  path( 'classes.html' , classes.get_classes),
  path( 'add_classes.html' , classes.add_classes),
  path( 'del_classes.html' , classes.del_classes),
  path( 'edit_classes.html' , classes.edit_classes),
  # path('teachers.html', teachers.get_teachers),
  # path('students.html', students.get_studernts),
 
]

3.在template目录下建立所需的html页面文件:

get_classes.html 。

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DOCTYPE html>
< html lang = "en" >
< head >
  < style >
   tr td{ border:1px solid #000;text-align:center;}
  </ style >
  < meta charset = "UTF-8" >
  < title >Title</ title >
</ head >
< body >
 
< div >
  < table >
   < thead >
    < tr >
     < th >ID</ th > < th >名称</ th > < th >操作</ th >
    </ tr >
   </ thead >
   < tbody >
    {% for row in cls_list %}
    < tr >
     < td >{{ row.id }}</ td >
     < td >{{ row.title }}</ td >
     < td >< a href = "/del_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >删除</ a >
      |< a href = "/edit_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >编辑</ a >
     </ td >
    </ tr >
    {% endfor %}
   </ tbody >
  </ table >
</ div >
 
< div >< a href = "/add_classes.html" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >添加</ a > </ div >
</ body >
</ html >

add_classes.html 。

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<!DOCTYPE html>
< html lang = "en" >
< head >
  < meta charset = "UTF-8" >
  < title >Title</ title >
</ head >
< body >
< form action = "/add_classes.html" method = "post" >
  {% csrf_token %}
  < input type = "text" name = "title" >
  < input type = "submit" value = "提交" >
</ form >
</ body >
</ html >

edit_classes.html 。

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<!DOCTYPE html>
< html lang = "en" >
< head >
  < meta charset = "UTF-8" >
  < title >Title</ title >
</ head >
< body >
< form method = "post" action = "/edit_classes.html" >
  {% csrf_token %}
  < input type = "hidden" name = "nid" value = "{{ obj.id }}" >
  < input type = "text" name = "xxoo" value = "{{ obj.title }}" >
  < input type = "submit" value = "提交" >
</ form >
 
</ body >
</ html >

6.学员管理系统之学员管理： 1.在students.py 中写 get_students add_students del_students edit_students 四个函数，完成对 学生数据 的增删改查:

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from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from app01 import models
 
 
def get_students(request):
  stu_list = models.Students.objects. all ()
  return render(request, 'get_students.html' ,{ 'stu_list' :stu_list})
 
 
def add_students(request):
  if request.method = = 'GET' :
   cs_list = models.Classes.objects. all ()
   return render(request, 'add_students.html' ,{ 'cs_list' :cs_list})
  elif request.method = = 'POST' :
   u = request.POST.get( 'username' ,'')
   a = request.POST.get( 'age' ,'')
   g = request.POST.get( 'gender' ,'')
   c = request.POST.get( 'cs' ,'')
   models.Students.objects.create(
    username = u,
    age = a,
    gender = g,
    cs_id = c
   )
   return redirect( '/students.html' )
 
 
def del_students(request):
  nid = request.GET.get( 'nid' , '')
  models.Students.objects. filter ( id = nid).delete()
  return redirect( '/students.html' )
 
 
def edit_students(request):
  if request.method = = "GET" :
   nid = request.GET.get( 'nid' , '')
   obj = models.Students.objects.get( id = nid)
   cs_list = models.Classes.objects. all ()
   return render(request, 'edit_students.html' ,{ 'obj' :obj, 'cs_list' :cs_list})
  elif request.method = = "POST" :
   nid = request.POST.get( 'nid' ,'')
   u = request.POST.get( 'username' , '')
   a = request.POST.get( 'age' , '')
   g = request.POST.get( 'gender' , '')
   c = request.POST.get( 'cs' , '')
   models.Students.objects. filter ( id = nid).update(
    username = u,
    age = a,
    gender = g,
    cs_id = c)
   return redirect( '/students.html' )

2.在urls.py 中配置url路由：　 。

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from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01.views import classes,students,teachers
 
urlpatterns = [
  path( 'admin/' , admin.site.urls),
 
  path( 'classes.html' , classes.get_classes),
  path( 'add_classes.html' , classes.add_classes),
  path( 'del_classes.html' , classes.del_classes),
  path( 'edit_classes.html' , classes.edit_classes),
 
  path( 'students.html' , students.get_students),
  path( 'add_students.html' , students.add_students),
  path( 'del_students.html' , students.del_students),
  path( 'edit_students.html' , students.edit_students),
  # path('teachers.html', teachers.get_teachers),
]

3.在template目录下建立所需的html页面文件:

get_students.html 。

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang = "en" >
<head>
  <style>
   tr td{ border: 1px solid #000;text-align:center;}
  < / style>
  <meta charset = "UTF-8" >
  <title>Title< / title>
< / head>
<body>
 
<div>
  <table>
   <thead>
    <tr>
     <th> ID < / th>
     <th>姓名< / th>
     <th>年龄< / th>
     <th>性别< / th>
     <th>班级< / th>
     <th>操作< / th>
    < / tr>
   < / thead>
   <tbody>
    { % for row in stu_list % }
    <tr>
     <td>{{ row. id }}< / td>
     <td>{{ row.username }}< / td>
     <td>{{ row.age }}< / td>
     <td>{{ row.gender }}< / td>
     <td>{{ row.cs.title }}< / td>
     <td><a href = "/del_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >删除< / a>
      |<a href = "/edit_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >编辑< / a>
     < / td>
    < / tr>
    { % endfor % }
   < / tbody>
  < / table>
< / div>
 
<div><a href = "/add_students.html" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >添加< / a> < / div>
< / body>
< / html>

add_students 。

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<!DOCTYPE html>
< html lang = "en" >
< head >
  < meta charset = "UTF-8" >
  < title >Title</ title >
</ head >
< body >
< h1 >添加用户</ h1 >
< form method = "post" action = "/add_students.html" >
  {% csrf_token %}
  < p >< input type = "text" name = "username" placeholder = "用户名" ></ p >
  < p >< input type = "text" name = "age" placeholder = "年龄" ></ p >
  < p >
   男< input type = "radio" name = "gender" value = "1" >
   女< input type = "radio" name = "gender" value = "0" >
  </ p >
  < p >
   < select name = "cs" >
    {% for row in cs_list %}
    < option value = "{{ row.id }}" >{{ row.title }}</ option >
    {% endfor %}
   </ select >
  </ p >
  < p >< input type = "submit" value = "提交" ></ p >
</ form >
</ body >
</ html >

edit_students.html 。

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<!DOCTYPE html>
< html lang = "en" >
< head >
  < meta charset = "UTF-8" >
  < title >Title</ title >
</ head >
< body >
< h1 >编辑用户</ h1 >
< form method = "post" action = "/edit_students.html" >
  {% csrf_token %}
  < input type = "hidden" name = "nid" value = "{{ obj.id }}" >
  < p >< input type = "text" name = "username" placeholder = "用户名" ></ p >
  < p >< input type = "text" name = "age" placeholder = "年龄" ></ p >
  < p >
   男< input type = "radio" name = "gender" value = "1" >
   女< input type = "radio" name = "gender" value = "0" >
  </ p >
  < p >
   < select name = "cs" >
    {% for row in cs_list %}
    < option value = "{{ row.id }}" >{{ row.title }}</ option >
    {% endfor %}
   </ select >
  </ p >
  < p >< input type = "submit" value = "提交" ></ p >
</ form >
</ body >
</ html >

7.学员管理系统之给班级分配老师:

在teachers数据表中增加一些老师信息:

在pycharm右上角的Database打开面板，然后将template目录下边的db.splte3鼠标拖入到Database面板中，打开db==》app01_teachers表 。

点击“+”，然后填入老师信息，然后点击有“DB”标志的向上箭头，进行数据保存.

1.在classes.py中增加set_teachers函数 。

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def set_teachers(request):
  if request.method = = 'GET' :
   nid = request.GET.get( 'nid' ,'')
   cls_obj = models.Classes.objects.get( id = nid)
   cls_teacher_list = cls_obj.a. all ()
   all_teacher_list = models.Teachers.objects. all ()
   return render(request, 'set_teachers.html' ,{
    'cls_teacher_list' :cls_teacher_list,
    'all_teacher_list' :all_teacher_list,
    'nid' :nid,
   })
  elif request.method = = 'POST' :
   nid = request.POST.get( 'nid' , '')
   ids_str = request.POST.getlist( 'teacher_id' ,'')
   ids_int = []
   for i in ids_str:
    i = int (i)
    ids_int.append(i)
   obj = models.Classes.objects.get( id = nid)
   obj.a. set (ids_int)
   return redirect( '/classes.html' )

2.在urls.py 中配置url路由：　 。

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from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01.views import classes,students,teachers
 
urlpatterns = [
  path( 'admin/' , admin.site.urls),
 
  path( 'classes.html' , classes.get_classes),
  path( 'add_classes.html' , classes.add_classes),
  path( 'del_classes.html' , classes.del_classes),
  path( 'edit_classes.html' , classes.edit_classes),
 
  path( 'students.html' , students.get_students),
  path( 'add_students.html' , students.add_students),
  path( 'del_students.html' , students.del_students),
  path( 'edit_students.html' , students.edit_students),
 
  path( 'set_teachers.html' , classes.set_teachers),
]
　

3.在template目录下建立所需的html页面文件:

set_teachers.html 。

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang = "en" >
<head>
  <meta charset = "UTF-8" >
  <title>Title< / title>
< / head>
<body>
<form action = "/set_teachers.html" method = "post" >
  < input type = "hidden" name = "nid" value = "{{ nid }}" >
  { % csrf_token % }
  <select multiple size = "10" name = "teacher_id" >
 
   { % for item in all_teacher_list % }
    { % if item in cls_teacher_list % }
    <option value = "{{ item.id }}" selected = "selected" >{{ item.name }}< / option>
    { % else % }
    <option value = "{{ item.id }}" >{{ item.name }}< / option>
    { % endif % }
   { % endfor % }
  < / select>
  < input type = "submit" value = "提交" >
< / form>
< / body>
< / html>

对get_classes.html进行增添修改为:

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang = "en" >
<head>
  <meta charset = "UTF-8" >
  <title>Title< / title>
< / head>
<body>
 
<div>
  <table>
   <thead>
    <tr>
     <th> ID < / th> <th>名称< / th> <th>任课老师< / th> <th>操作< / th>
    < / tr>
   < / thead>
   <tbody>
    { % for row in cls_list % }
    <tr>
     <td>{{ row. id }}< / td>
     <td>{{ row.title }}< / td>
     <td>
      { % for item in row.a. all % }
       <span>{{ item.name }}< / span>
       { % endfor % }
     < / td>
     <td><a href = "/del_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >删除< / a>
      |<a href = "/edit_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >编辑< / a>
      |<a href = "/set_teachers.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel = "external nofollow" >分配老师< / a>
     < / td>
    < / tr>
    { % endfor % }
   < / tbody>
  < / table>
< / div>
 
<div><a href = "/add_classes.html" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >添加< / a> < / div>
< / body>
< / html>

8.初识Ajax 。

Ajax是异步传输方式，偷偷的向后台发请求，不引起页面刷新，下面通过一个小例子来认识Ajax这种数据传输方式.

首先下载jQuery导入项目下的static目录下 。

1.在app01/Views目录下新建ajax.py 。

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from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
 
 
def ajax1(request):
  return render(request, 'ajax1.html' )
 
 
def ajax2(request):
  u = request.GET.get( 'username' )
  p = request.GET.get( 'password' )
  return HttpResponse( '我愿意' )

2.在urls.py中配置相关路由 。

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from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01.views import classes,students,teachers,ajax
 
urlpatterns = [
  path( 'admin/' , admin.site.urls),
 
  path( 'classes.html' , classes.get_classes),
  path( 'add_classes.html' , classes.add_classes),
  path( 'del_classes.html' , classes.del_classes),
  path( 'edit_classes.html' , classes.edit_classes),
 
  path( 'students.html' , students.get_students),
  path( 'add_students.html' , students.add_students),
  path( 'del_students.html' , students.del_students),
  path( 'edit_students.html' , students.edit_students),
 
  path( 'set_teachers.html' , classes.set_teachers),
 
  path( 'ajax1.html' , ajax.ajax1),
  path( 'ajax2.html' , ajax.ajax2),
]

3.在template目录下新建ajax1.html 。

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang = "en" >
<head>
  <meta charset = "UTF-8" >
  <title>Title< / title>
  <style>
   .btn{
    display: inline - block;
    padding: 5px 15px ;
    background - color: coral;
    color: white;
    cursor: pointer;
   }
  < / style>
< / head>
<body>
<div>
  < input placeholder = "用户名" type = "text" >
  < input placeholder = "密码" type = "password" >
  <div class = "btn" >提交< / div>
< / div>
<script src = "/static/jquery-3.3.1.js" >< / script>
<script>
  function submitForm() {
   var u = $( '#username' ).val();
   var p = $( '#password' ).val();
   $.ajax({
    url: 'ajax2.html' ,
    type : 'GET' ,
    data:{username:u,password:p},
    success:function (arg) {
     / / 回调函数 arg是服务器返回的字符串
     console.log(arg)
    }
 
   })
 
  }
< / script>
< / body>
< / html>

9.学员管理系统之Ajax删除学员： 1.在ajax.py中增加ajax4函数 。

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from app01 import models
def ajax4(request):
  nid = request.GET.get( 'nid' )
  msg = '成功'
  try :
   models.Students.objects.get( id = nid).delete()
  except Exception as e:
   msg = str (e)
  return HttpResponse(msg)

2.在urls.py中配置相关路由 。

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from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01.views import classes,students,teachers,ajax
 
urlpatterns = [
  path( 'admin/' , admin.site.urls),
 
  path( 'classes.html' , classes.get_classes),
  path( 'add_classes.html' , classes.add_classes),
  path( 'del_classes.html' , classes.del_classes),
  path( 'edit_classes.html' , classes.edit_classes),
 
  path( 'students.html' , students.get_students),
  path( 'add_students.html' , students.add_students),
  path( 'del_students.html' , students.del_students),
  path( 'edit_students.html' , students.edit_students),
 
  path( 'set_teachers.html' , classes.set_teachers),
 
  path( 'ajax1.html' , ajax.ajax1),
  path( 'ajax2.html' , ajax.ajax2),
  path( 'ajax4.html' , ajax.ajax4),
]

3.对get_students.html进行添加修改:

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang = "en" >
<head>
  <meta charset = "UTF-8" >
  <title>Title< / title>
< / head>
<body>
 
<div>
  <table>
   <thead>
    <tr>
     <th> ID < / th>
     <th>姓名< / th>
     <th>年龄< / th>
     <th>性别< / th>
     <th>班级< / th>
     <th>操作< / th>
    < / tr>
   < / thead>
   <tbody>
    { % for row in stu_list % }
    <tr nid = "{{ row.id }}" >
     <td>{{ row. id }}< / td>
     <td>{{ row.username }}< / td>
     <td>{{ row.age }}< / td>
     <td>{{ row.gender }}< / td>
     <td>{{ row.cs.title }}< / td>
     <td><a href = "/del_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >删除< / a>
      |<a href = "#" rel = "external nofollow" >Ajax删除< / a>
      |<a href = "/edit_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >编辑< / a>
     < / td>
    < / tr>
    { % endfor % }
   < / tbody>
  < / table>
< / div>
 
<div><a href = "/add_students.html" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >添加< / a> < / div>
< / body>
<script src = "/static/jquery-3.3.1.js" >< / script>
<script>
  function removeStudent(ths) {
   var nid = $(ths).parent().parent().attr( 'nid' );
   $.ajax({
    url: '/ajax4.html' ,
    type : 'GET' ,
    data:{nid:nid},
    success:function (arg) {
     if (arg = = '成功' ){
      window.location. reload ();
     } else {
      alert(arg);
     }
    }
   })
  }
< / script>
< / html>

原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/xuepangzi/p/8493853.html 。

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