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使用Python编写一个简单的tic-tac-toe游戏的教程

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 这个教程,我们将展示如何用python创建一个井字游戏。 其中我们将使用函数、数组、if条件语句、while循环语句和错误捕获等.

首先我们需要创建两个函数,第一个函数用来显示游戏板:   。

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def print_board():
   for i in range ( 0 , 3 ):
     for j in range ( 0 , 3 ):
       print map [ 2 - i][j],
       if j ! = 2 :
         print "|" ,
     print ""

这我们使用两个for循环来遍历map,该map是一个包含了位置信息的二维数组.

游戏板看起来是这样的:   。

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|  |
|  |
|  |
 
X | X |
O | X | O
  | O | X
 
X | X | X
X | X | X
X | X | X

  下面我们需要一个函数check_done()来检查游戏是否结束。如果结束,则返回True并打印消息。   。

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def check_done():
   for i in range ( 0 , 3 ):
     if map [i][ 0 ] = = map [i][ 1 ] = = map [i][ 2 ] ! = " " \
     or map [ 0 ][i] = = map [ 1 ][i] = = map [ 2 ][i] ! = " " :
       print turn, "won!!!"
       return True
     
   if map [ 0 ][ 0 ] = = map [ 1 ][ 1 ] = = map [ 2 ][ 2 ] ! = " " \
   or map [ 0 ][ 2 ] = = map [ 1 ][ 1 ] = = map [ 2 ][ 0 ] ! = " " :
     print turn, "won!!!"
     return True
 
   if " " not in map [ 0 ] and " " not in map [ 1 ] and " " not in map [ 2 ]:
     print "Draw"
     return True
     
   return False

有几个地方需要检查,首先检查水平和垂直方向,是否有一行或一列不为空且包含有三个相同的符号,然后我们再检查斜方向。如果上面有一个方向满足,游戏结束并打印“Won!!!”。请注意检查变量改变,它用来标记当前是哪一位玩家.

同时我们需要检查当前游戏板是否被填满且没有人获胜,游戏平局.

有了上面的两个函数,下面我们创建3个变量:   。

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turn = "X"
map = [[ " " , " " , " " ],
     [ " " , " " , " " ],
     [ " " , " " , " " ]]
done = False

    turn : 轮到谁     map : 游戏板     done : 游戏是否结束 。

现在启动游戏:   。

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while done ! = True :
   print_board()
   
   print turn, "'s turn"
   print
 
   moved = False
   while moved ! = True :

这里使用了while循环直到游戏结束并返回true.在这个循环里面,使用了另外一个while循环来检查玩家是否移动,如果玩家没有移动,则程序会跳到下一次循环.

下一步告诉玩家怎么玩:   。

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print "Please select position by typing in a number between 1 and 9, see below for which number that is which position..."
     print "7|8|9"
     print "4|5|6"
     print "1|2|3"
     print
 
try :
       pos = input ( "Select: " )
       if pos < = 9 and pos > = 1 :

我们期望玩家输入一个数字,检查该数字是否是在1到9之间。另外,我们这里需要一段错误处理逻辑,我们还需要需要检查玩家是否能移动到一个位置:   。

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Y = pos / 3
         X = pos % 3
         if X ! = 0 :
           X - = 1
         else :
            X = 2
            Y - = 1

以下是全部的代码:   。

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def print_board():
   for i in range ( 0 , 3 ):
     for j in range ( 0 , 3 ):
       print map [ 2 - i][j],
       if j ! = 2 :
         print "|" ,
     print ""
 
 
def check_done():
   for i in range ( 0 , 3 ):
     if map [i][ 0 ] = = map [i][ 1 ] = = map [i][ 2 ] ! = " " \
     or map [ 0 ][i] = = map [ 1 ][i] = = map [ 2 ][i] ! = " " :
       print turn, "won!!!"
       return True
     
   if map [ 0 ][ 0 ] = = map [ 1 ][ 1 ] = = map [ 2 ][ 2 ] ! = " " \
   or map [ 0 ][ 2 ] = = map [ 1 ][ 1 ] = = map [ 2 ][ 0 ] ! = " " :
     print turn, "won!!!"
     return True
 
   if " " not in map [ 0 ] and " " not in map [ 1 ] and " " not in map [ 2 ]:
     print "Draw"
     return True
     
 
   return False
 
 
 
 
 
turn = "X"
map = [[ " " , " " , " " ],
     [ " " , " " , " " ],
     [ " " , " " , " " ]]
done = False
 
 
while done ! = True :
   print_board()
   
   print turn, "'s turn"
   print
 
   moved = False
   while moved ! = True :
     print "Please select position by typing in a number between 1 and 9 ,\
     see below for which number that is which position..."
     print "7|8|9"
     print "4|5|6"
     print "1|2|3"
     print
 
     try :
       pos = input ( "Select: " )
       if pos < = 9 and pos > = 1 :
         Y = pos / 3
         X = pos % 3
         if X ! = 0 :
           X - = 1
         else :
            X = 2
            Y - = 1
           
         if map [Y][X] = = " " :
           map [Y][X] = turn
           moved = True
           done = check_done()
 
           if done = = False :
             if turn = = "X" :
               turn = "O"
             else :
               turn = "X"
         
       
     except :
       print "You need to add a numeric value"

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