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IOS手势操作(拖动、捏合、旋转、点按、长按、轻扫、自定义)

转载 作者:qq735679552 更新时间:2022-09-28 22:32:09 28 4
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下面通过图文并茂的方式给大家分享下IOS手势操作(拖动、捏合、旋转、点按、长按、轻扫、自定义)的相关内容.

1、UIGestureRecognizer 介绍 手势识别在 iOS 中非常重要,他极大地提高了移动设备的使用便捷性.

iOS 系统在 3.2 以后,他提供了一些常用的手势(UIGestureRecognizer 的子类),开发者可以直接使用他们进行手势操作.

UIPanGestureRecognizer(拖动) 。

UIPinchGestureRecognizer(捏合) 。

UIRotationGestureRecognizer(旋转) 。

UITapGestureRecognizer(点按) 。

UILongPressGestureRecognizer(长按) 。

​UISwipeGestureRecognizer(轻扫) 。

另外,可以通过继承 UIGestureRecognizer 类,实现自定义手势(手势识别器类).

PS:自定义手势时,需要 #import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>,一般需实现如下方法:

  。

复制代码 代码如下:

- (void)reset;

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event;
- (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event;
- (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event;
- (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event;
//以上方法在分类 UIGestureRecognizer (UIGestureRecognizerProtected) 中声明,更多方法声明请自行查看

UIGestureRecognizer 的继承关系如下:

IOS手势操作(拖动、捏合、旋转、点按、长按、轻扫、自定义)

2、手势状态 在六种手势识别中,只有一种手势是离散型手势,他就是 UITapGestureRecognizer.

离散型手势的特点就是:一旦识别就无法取消,而且只会调用一次手势操作事件(初始化手势时指定的回调方法).

​换句话说其他五种手势是连续型手势,而连续型手势的特点就是:会多次调用手势操作事件,而且在连续手势识别后可以取消手势。从下图可以看出两者调用操作事件的次数是不同的:

IOS手势操作(拖动、捏合、旋转、点按、长按、轻扫、自定义)

手势状态枚举如下:

  。

复制代码 代码如下:

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIGestureRecognizerState) {
  UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible,  // 尚未识别是何种手势操作(但可能已经触发了触摸事件),默认状态
  UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan,   // 手势已经开始,此时已经被识别,但是这个过程中可能发生变化,手势操作尚未完成
  UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged,  // 手势状态发生转变
  UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded,   // 手势识别操作完成(此时已经松开手指)
  UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled, // 手势被取消,恢复到默认状态
  UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed,   // 手势识别失败,恢复到默认状态
  UIGestureRecognizerStateRecognized = UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded // 手势识别完成,同UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded
};

对于离散型手势 UITapGestureRecgnizer 要么被识别,要么失败,点按(假设点按次数设置为1,并且没有添加长按手势)下去一次不松开则此时什么也不会发生,松开手指立即识别并调用操作事件,并且状态为3(已完成)。 但是连续型手势要复杂一些,就拿旋转手势来说,如果两个手指点下去不做任何操作,此时并不能识别手势(因为我们还没旋转)但是其实已经触发了触摸开始事件,此时处于状态0;如果此时旋转会被识别,也就会调用对应的操作事件,同时状态变成1(手势开始),但是状态1只有一瞬间;紧接着状态变为2(因为我们的旋转需要持续一会),并且重复调用操作事件(如果在事件中打印状态会重复打印2);松开手指,此时状态变为3,并调用1次操作事件.

3、使用手势的步骤 使用手势很简单,分为三步:

创建手势识别器对象实例。创建时,指定一个回调方法,当手势开始,改变、或结束时,执行回调方法.

设置手势识别器对象实例的相关属性(可选部分) 。

添加到需要识别的 View 中。每个手势只对应一个 View,当屏幕触摸在 View 的边界内时,如果手势和预定的一样,那就会执行回调方法.

PS:一个手势只能对应一个 View,但是一个 View 可以有多个手势。建议在真机上测试这些手势,模拟器操作不太方便,可能导致认为手势失效的情况。(模拟器测试捏合和旋转手势时,按住 option 键,再用触摸板或鼠标操作) 。

4、举例说明 功能描述:

附加到两个图片视图 UIImageView 的有『拖动』、『捏合』、『旋转』、『点按』; 。

而『轻扫』和『自定义手势 KMGestureRecognizer』附加在根视图 UIView 中.

拖动:进行当前图片视图位置移动 。

捏合:进行当前图片视图缩放 。

旋转:进行当前图片视图角度旋转 。

点按:双击恢复当前图片视图的缩放、角度旋转、不透明度 。

长按:设置当前图片视图的不透明度为0.7 。

轻扫:左右轻扫设置两个图片视图为居中,同时以垂直居中的特定偏移量定位 。

自定义手势:挠痒功能,左右扫动共3次或以上,设置两个图片视图为居中,同时以水平居中的特定偏移量定位 。

效果如下:

IOS手势操作(拖动、捏合、旋转、点按、长按、轻扫、自定义)

  。

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KMGestureRecognizer.h
 
  # import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
 
  typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, Direction) {
   DirectionUnknown,
   DirectionLeft,
   DirectionRight
  };
 
  @interface KMGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer
  @property (assign, nonatomic) NSUInteger tickleCount; //挠痒次数
  @property (assign, nonatomic) CGPoint currentTickleStart; //当前挠痒开始坐标位置
  @property (assign, nonatomic) Direction lastDirection; //最后一次挠痒方向
 
  @end
KMGestureRecognizer.m
 
  # import "KMGestureRecognizer.h"
  # import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>
 
  @implementation KMGestureRecognizer
  #define kMinTickleSpacing 20.0
  #define kMaxTickleCount 3
 
  - ( void )reset {
   _tickleCount = 0 ;
   _currentTickleStart = CGPointZero;
   _lastDirection = DirectionUnknown;
  
   if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) {
    self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed;
   }
  }
 
  - ( void )touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
   UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject];
   _currentTickleStart = [touch locationInView:self.view]; //设置当前挠痒开始坐标位置
  }
 
  - ( void )touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
   //『当前挠痒开始坐标位置』和『移动后坐标位置』进行 X 轴值比较,得到是向左还是向右移动
   UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject];
   CGPoint tickleEnd = [touch locationInView:self.view];
   CGFloat tickleSpacing = tickleEnd.x - _currentTickleStart.x;
   Direction currentDirection = tickleSpacing < 0 ? DirectionLeft : DirectionRight;
  
   //移动的 X 轴间距值是否符合要求,足够大
   if (ABS(tickleSpacing) >= kMinTickleSpacing) {
    //判断是否有三次不同方向的动作,如果有则手势结束,将执行回调方法
    if (_lastDirection == DirectionUnknown ||
     (_lastDirection == DirectionLeft && currentDirection == DirectionRight) ||
     (_lastDirection == DirectionRight && currentDirection == DirectionLeft)) {
     _tickleCount++;
     _currentTickleStart = tickleEnd;
     _lastDirection = currentDirection;
    
     if (_tickleCount >= kMaxTickleCount && self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) {
      self.state = UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded;
      //NSLog(@"自定义手势成功,将执行回调方法");
     }
    }
   }
  }
 
  - ( void )touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
   [self reset];
  }
 
  - ( void )touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
   [self reset];
  }
 
  @end
 
ViewController.h
# import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
# import "KMGestureRecognizer.h"
 
@interface ViewController : UIViewController
@property (strong, nonatomic) UIImageView *imgV;
@property (strong, nonatomic) UIImageView *imgV2;
@property (strong, nonatomic) KMGestureRecognizer *customGestureRecognizer;
 
@end
ViewController.m
 
  # import "ViewController.h"
 
  @interface ViewController ()
  - ( void )handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
  - ( void )handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
  - ( void )handleRotation:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
  - ( void )handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
  - ( void )handleLongPress:(UILongPressGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
  - ( void )handleSwipe:(UISwipeGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
  - ( void )handleCustomGestureRecognizer:(KMGestureRecognizer *)recognizer;
 
  - ( void )bindPan:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom;
  - ( void )bindPinch:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom;
  - ( void )bindRotation:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom;
  - ( void )bindTap:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom;
  - ( void )bindLongPress:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom;
  - ( void )bindSwipe;
  - ( void )bingCustomGestureRecognizer;
  - ( void )layoutUI;
  @end
 
  @implementation ViewController
 
  - ( void )viewDidLoad {
   [ super viewDidLoad];
  
   [self layoutUI];
  }
 
  - ( void )didReceiveMemoryWarning {
   [ super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
   // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
  }
 
  #pragma mark - 处理手势操作
  /**
  * 处理拖动手势
  *
  * @param recognizer 拖动手势识别器对象实例
  */
  - ( void )handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
   //视图前置操作
   [recognizer.view.superview bringSubviewToFront:recognizer.view];
  
   CGPoint center = recognizer.view.center;
   CGFloat cornerRadius = recognizer.view.frame.size.width / 2 ;
   CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];
   //NSLog(@"%@", NSStringFromCGPoint(translation));
   recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(center.x + translation.x, center.y + translation.y);
   [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];
  
   if (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {
   //计算速度向量的长度,当他小于200时,滑行会很短
   CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView:self.view];
   CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x * velocity.x) + (velocity.y * velocity.y));
   CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200 ;
   //NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f", magnitude, slideMult); //e.g. 397.973175, slideMult: 1.989866
  
   //基于速度和速度因素计算一个终点
   float slideFactor = 0.1 * slideMult;
   CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(center.x + (velocity.x * slideFactor),
           center.y + (velocity.y * slideFactor));
   //限制最小[cornerRadius]和最大边界值[self.view.bounds.size.width - cornerRadius],以免拖动出屏幕界限
   finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, cornerRadius),
        self.view.bounds.size.width - cornerRadius);
   finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, cornerRadius),
        self.view.bounds.size.height - cornerRadius);
  
   //使用 UIView 动画使 view 滑行到终点
   [UIView animateWithDuration:slideFactor* 2
        delay: 0
        options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut
       animations:^{
        recognizer.view.center = finalPoint;
       }
       completion:nil];
  }
}
 
/**
* 处理捏合手势
*
* @param recognizer 捏合手势识别器对象实例
*/
- ( void )handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
  CGFloat scale = recognizer.scale;
  recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, scale, scale); //在已缩放大小基础下进行累加变化;区别于:使用 CGAffineTransformMakeScale 方法就是在原大小基础下进行变化
  recognizer.scale = 1.0 ;
}
 
/**
* 处理旋转手势
*
* @param recognizer 旋转手势识别器对象实例
*/
- ( void )handleRotation:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
  recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation);
  recognizer.rotation = 0.0 ;
  }
 
  /**
  * 处理点按手势
  *
  * @param recognizer 点按手势识别器对象实例
  */
  - ( void )handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
   UIView *view = recognizer.view;
   view.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale( 1.0 , 1.0 );
   view.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation( 0.0 );
   view.alpha = 1.0 ;
  }
 
  /**
  * 处理长按手势
  *
  * @param recognizer 点按手势识别器对象实例
  */
  - ( void )handleLongPress:(UILongPressGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
   //长按的时候,设置不透明度为0.7
   recognizer.view.alpha = 0.7 ;
  }
 
  /**
  * 处理轻扫手势
  *
  * @param recognizer 轻扫手势识别器对象实例
  */
  - ( void )handleSwipe:(UISwipeGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
   //代码块方式封装操作方法
   void (^positionOperation)() = ^() {
    CGPoint newPoint = recognizer.view.center;
    newPoint.y -= 20.0 ;
    _imgV.center = newPoint;
   
    newPoint.y += 40.0 ;
    _imgV2.center = newPoint;
   };
  
   //根据轻扫方向,进行不同控制
   switch (recognizer.direction) {
    case UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionRight: {
     positionOperation();
     break ;
    }
    case UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionLeft: {
     positionOperation();
     break ;
    }
    case UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionUp: {
     break ;
    }
    case UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionDown: {
     break ;
    }
   }
  }
 
  /**
  * 处理自定义手势
  *
  * @param recognizer 自定义手势识别器对象实例
  */
  - ( void )handleCustomGestureRecognizer:(KMGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
   //代码块方式封装操作方法
   void (^positionOperation)() = ^() {
    CGPoint newPoint = recognizer.view.center;
    newPoint.x -= 20.0 ;
    _imgV.center = newPoint;
   
    newPoint.x += 40.0 ;
    _imgV2.center = newPoint;
   };
  
   positionOperation();
  }
 
 
  #pragma mark - 绑定手势操作
  /**
  * 绑定拖动手势
  *
  * @param imgVCustom 绑定到图片视图对象实例
  */
  - ( void )bindPan:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom {
   UIPanGestureRecognizer *recognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self
                      action: @selector (handlePan:)];
   [imgVCustom addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];
  }
 
  /**
  * 绑定捏合手势
  *
  * @param imgVCustom 绑定到图片视图对象实例
  */
  - ( void )bindPinch:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom {
   UIPinchGestureRecognizer *recognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self
                       action: @selector (handlePinch:)];
   [imgVCustom addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];
   //[recognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:imgVCustom.gestureRecognizers.firstObject];
  }
 
  /**
  * 绑定旋转手势
  *
  * @param imgVCustom 绑定到图片视图对象实例
  */
  - ( void )bindRotation:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom {
   UIRotationGestureRecognizer *recognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self
                        action: @selector (handleRotation:)];
   [imgVCustom addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];
  }
 
  /**
  * 绑定点按手势
  *
  * @param imgVCustom 绑定到图片视图对象实例
  */
  - ( void )bindTap:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom {
   UITapGestureRecognizer *recognizer = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self
                      action: @selector (handleTap:)];
   //使用一根手指双击时,才触发点按手势识别器
   recognizer.numberOfTapsRequired = 2 ;
   recognizer.numberOfTouchesRequired = 1 ;
   [imgVCustom addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];
  }
 
  /**
  * 绑定长按手势
  *
  * @param imgVCustom 绑定到图片视图对象实例
  */
  - ( void )bindLongPress:(UIImageView *)imgVCustom {
   UILongPressGestureRecognizer *recognizer = [[UILongPressGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action: @selector (handleLongPress:)];
   recognizer.minimumPressDuration = 0.5 ; //设置最小长按时间;默认为0.5秒
   [imgVCustom addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];
  }
 
  /**
  * 绑定轻扫手势;支持四个方向的轻扫,但是不同的方向要分别定义轻扫手势
  */
  - ( void )bindSwipe {
   //向右轻扫手势
   UISwipeGestureRecognizer *recognizer = [[UISwipeGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self
                       action: @selector (handleSwipe:)];
   recognizer.direction = UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionRight; //设置轻扫方向;默认是 UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionRight,即向右轻扫
   [self.view addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];
   [recognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:_customGestureRecognizer]; //设置以自定义挠痒手势优先识别
  
   //向左轻扫手势
   recognizer = [[UISwipeGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self
                action: @selector (handleSwipe:)];
   recognizer.direction = UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionLeft;
   [self.view addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];
   [recognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:_customGestureRecognizer]; //设置以自定义挠痒手势优先识别
  }
 
  /**
  * 绑定自定义挠痒手势;判断是否有三次不同方向的动作,如果有则手势结束,将执行回调方法
  */
  - ( void )bingCustomGestureRecognizer {
   //当 recognizer.state 为 UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded 时,才执行回调方法 handleCustomGestureRecognizer:
  
   //_customGestureRecognizer = [KMGestureRecognizer new];
   _customGestureRecognizer = [[KMGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self
                   action: @selector (handleCustomGestureRecognizer:)];
   [self.view addGestureRecognizer:_customGestureRecognizer];
  }
 
  - ( void )layoutUI {
   //图片视图 _imgV
   UIImage *img = [UIImage imageNamed:@ "Emoticon_tusiji_icon" ];
   CGFloat cornerRadius = img.size.width;
   _imgV = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:img];
   _imgV.frame = CGRectMake( 20.0 , 20.0 ,
         cornerRadius * 2 , cornerRadius * 2 );
   _imgV.userInteractionEnabled = YES;
   _imgV.layer.masksToBounds = YES;
   _imgV.layer.cornerRadius = cornerRadius;
   _imgV.layer.borderWidth = 2.0 ;
   _imgV.layer.borderColor = [UIColor grayColor].CGColor;
   [self.view addSubview:_imgV];
  
   //图片视图 _imgV2
   img = [UIImage imageNamed:@ "Emoticon_tusiji_icon2" ];
   cornerRadius = img.size.width;
   _imgV2 = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:img];
   _imgV2.frame = CGRectMake( 20.0 , 40.0 + _imgV.frame.size.height,
         cornerRadius * 2 , cornerRadius * 2 );
   _imgV2.userInteractionEnabled = YES;
   _imgV2.layer.masksToBounds = YES;
   _imgV2.layer.cornerRadius = cornerRadius;
   _imgV2.layer.borderWidth = 2.0 ;
   _imgV2.layer.borderColor = [UIColor orangeColor].CGColor;
   [self.view addSubview:_imgV2];
  
  
   [self bindPan:_imgV];
   [self bindPinch:_imgV];
   [self bindRotation:_imgV];
   [self bindTap:_imgV];
   [self bindLongPress:_imgV];
  
   [self bindPan:_imgV2];
   [self bindPinch:_imgV2];
   [self bindRotation:_imgV2];
   [self bindTap:_imgV2];
   [self bindLongPress:_imgV2];
  
   //为了处理手势识别优先级的问题,这里需先绑定自定义挠痒手势
   [self bingCustomGestureRecognizer];
   [self bindSwipe];
  }
 
  @end

以上代码就是关于IOS手势操作(拖动、捏合、旋转、点按、长按、轻扫、自定义)的详解,希望对大家有所帮助.

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