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base64_encode和base64_decode的JAVA实现

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Base64是网络上最常见的用于传输8Bit字节代码的编码方式之一,大家可以查看RFC2045~RFC2049,上面有MIME的详细规范。 Base64要求把每三个8Bit的字节转换为四个6Bit的字节(3*8 = 4*6 = 24),然后把6Bit再添两位高位0,组成四个8Bit的字节,也就是说,转换后的字符串理论上将要比原来的长1/3 php 的函数:base64_encode() 和 base64_decode() base64的编,解码原理 Base64 编码其实是将3个8位字节转换为4个6位字节,( 3*8 = 4*6 = 24 ) 这4个六位字节 其实仍然是8位,只不过高两位被设置为0. 当一个字节只有6位有效时,它的取值空间为0 到 2的6次方减1 即63,也就是说被转换的Base64编码的每一个编码的取值空间为(0~63) 。 事实上,0~63之间的ASCII码有许多不可见字符,所以应该再做一个映射,映射表为 'A' ~ 'Z' ? ASCII(0 ~ 25) 'a' ~ 'z' ? ASCII(26 ~ 51) '0' ~ '9' ? ASCII(52 ~ 61) ' ' ? ASCII(62) '/' ? ASCII(63) 这样就可以将3个8位字节,转换为4个可见字符。 具体的字节拆分方法为:(图(画得不好,领会精神 :-)) aaaaaabb ccccdddd eeffffff    //abcdef其实就是1或0,为了看的清楚就用abcdef代替 ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ 字节 1 字节 2 字节 3     ||     \/ 00aaaaaa 00bbcccc 00ddddee 00ffffff 注:上面的三个字节位原文,下面四个字节为Base64编码,其前两位均为0。 这样拆分的时候,原文的字节数量应该是3的倍数,当这个条件不能满足时,用全零字节 补足,转化时Base64编码用=号代替,这就是为什么有些Base64编码以一个或两个等号结 束的原因,但等号最多有两个,因为:如果F(origin)代表原文的字节数,F(remain)代 表余数,则 F(remain) = F(origin) MOD 3 成立。 所以F(remain)的可能取值为0,1,2. 如果设 n = [F(origin) – F(remain)] / 3 当F(remain) = 0 时,恰好转换为4*n个字节的Base64编码。 当F(remain) = 1 时,由于一个原文字节可以拆分为属于两个Base64编码的字节,为了 让Base64编码是4的倍数,所以应该为补2个等号。 当F(remain) = 2 时,由于两个原文字节可以拆分为属于3个Base64编码的字节,同理, 应该补上一个等号。 base64 编码后的字符串末尾会有0到2个等号,这些等号在解码是并不必要,所以可以删除。 在网络GET 和 POST参数列表的时候,‘+'不能正常传输,可以把它替换成‘|' 这样经过base64编码后的字符串就只有‘|'和‘/‘,所以经过这样处理base64编码的字符串可以作为参数列表的以个参数值来传输 ======================================================================== 以下是老外写的一个实现: package   com.meterware.httpunit,

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/******************************************************************************************************************** <br>* $Id: Base64.java,v 1.4 2002/12/24 15:17:17 russgold Exp $ <br>* <br>* Copyright (c) 2000-2002 by Russell Gold <br>* <br>* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated <br>* documentation files (the "Software "), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation <br>* the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and <br>* to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: <br>* <br>* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions <br>* of the Software. <br>* <br>* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS ", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO <br>* THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE <br>* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF <br>* CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER <br>* DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. <br>* <br>*******************************************************************************************************************/ <br><br> /** <br>* A utility class to convert to and from base 64 encoding. <br>* <br>* @author <a href= "mailto:russgold@httpunit.org "> Russell Gold </a> <br>**/ <br>
public class Base64 {      
     final static String encodingChar = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/ " ; /**
   * Returns the base 64 encoded equivalent of a supplied string.
   * @param source the string to encode
   */
  public static String encode( String source ) {
   char [] sourceBytes = getPaddedBytes( source );
   int numGroups = (sourceBytes.length + 2 ) / 3 ;
   char [] targetBytes = new char [ 4 ];
   char [] target = new char [ 4 * numGroups ];
 
   for ( int group = 0 ; group < numGroups; group++) {
    convert3To4( sourceBytes, group* 3 , targetBytes );
    for ( int i = 0 ; i < targetBytes.length; i++) {
     target[ i + 4 *group ] = encodingChar.charAt( targetBytes[i] );
    }
   }
 
   int numPadBytes = sourceBytes.length - source.length();
 
   for ( int i = target.length-numPadBytes; i < target.length; i++) target[i] = '= ' ;
   return new String( target );
  }
 
 
  private static char [] getPaddedBytes( String source ) {
   char [] converted = source.toCharArray();
   int requiredLength = 3 * ((converted.length+ 2 ) / 3 );
   char [] result = new char [ requiredLength ];
   System.arraycopy( converted, 0 , result, 0 , converted.length );
   return result;
  }
 
 
  private static void convert3To4( char [] source, int sourceIndex, char [] target ) {
   target[ 0 ] = ( char ) ( source[ sourceIndex ] > > > 2 );
   target[ 1 ] = ( char ) (((source[ sourceIndex ] & 0x03 ) < < 4 ) | (source[ sourceIndex+ 1 ] > > > 4 ));
   target[ 2 ] = ( char ) (((source[ sourceIndex+ 1 ] & 0x0f ) < < 2 ) | (source[ sourceIndex+ 2 ] > > > 6 ));
   target[ 3 ] = ( char ) ( source[ sourceIndex+ 2 ] & 0x3f );
  }
 
 
  /**
   * Returns the plaintext equivalent of a base 64-encoded string.
   * @param source a base 64 string (which must have a multiple of 4 characters)
   */
  public static String decode( String source ) {
   if (source.length()% 4 != 0 ) throw new RuntimeException( "valid Base64 codes have a multiple of 4 characters " );
   int numGroups = source.length() / 4 ;
   int numExtraBytes = source.endsWith( "== " ) ? 2 : (source.endsWith( "= " ) ? 1 : 0 );
   byte [] targetBytes = new byte [ 3 *numGroups ];
   byte [] sourceBytes = new byte [ 4 ];
   for ( int group = 0 ; group < numGroups; group++) {
    for ( int i = 0 ; i < sourceBytes.length; i++) {
     sourceBytes[i] = ( byte ) Math.max( 0 , encodingChar.indexOf( source.charAt( 4 *group+i ) ) );
    }
    convert4To3( sourceBytes, targetBytes, group* 3 );
   }
   return new String( targetBytes, 0 , targetBytes.length - numExtraBytes );
  }
 
 
  private static void convert4To3( byte [] source, byte [] target, int targetIndex ) {
   target[ targetIndex ] = ( byte ) (( source[ 0 ] < < 2 ) | (source[ 1 ] > > > 4 ));
   target[ targetIndex+ 1 ] = ( byte ) (((source[ 1 ] & 0x0f ) < < 4 ) | (source[ 2 ] > > > 2 ));
   target[ targetIndex+ 2 ] = ( byte ) (((source[ 2 ] & 0x03 ) < < 6 ) | (source[ 3 ]));
  }
 
}

  。

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