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详解Java的JDBC API中事务的提交和回滚

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如果JDBC连接是在自动提交模式下,它在默认情况下,那么每个SQL语句都是在其完成时提交到数据库.

这可能是对简单的应用程序,但有三个原因,你可能想关闭自动提交和管理自己的事务:

  1. 为了提高性能
  2. 为了保持业务流程的完整性
  3. 使用分布式事务

若要控制事务,以及何时更改应用到数据库。它把单个SQL语句或一组SQL语句作为一个逻辑单元,而且如果任何语句失败,整个事务失败.

若要启用,而不是JDBC驱动程序默认使用auto-commit模式手动事务支持,使用Connection对象的的setAutoCommit()方法。如果传递一个布尔值false到setAutoCommit(),关闭自动提交。可以传递一个布尔值true将其重新打开.

例如,如果有一个名为conn Connection对象,以下代码来关闭自动提交:

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conn.setAutoCommit( false );

提交和回滚 一旦已经完成了变化,要提交更改,然后调用commit(在连接对象)方法,如下所示:

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conn.commit( );

否则回滚更新对数据库所做的使用命名连接conn,使用下面的代码:

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conn.rollback( );

下面的例子演示了如何使用一个提交和回滚对象:

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try {
   //Assume a valid connection object conn
   conn.setAutoCommit( false );
   Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
  
   String SQL = "INSERT INTO Employees " +
         "VALUES (106, 20, 'Rita', 'Tez')" ;
   stmt.executeUpdate(SQL);
   //Submit a malformed SQL statement that breaks
   String SQL = "INSERTED IN Employees " +
         "VALUES (107, 22, 'Sita', 'Singh')" ;
   stmt.executeUpdate(SQL);
   // If there is no error.
   conn.commit();
} catch (SQLException se){
   // If there is any error.
   conn.rollback();
}

在这种情况下没有上述INSERT语句会成功,一切都将被回滚.

事务提交和回滚示例 以下是使用事务提交和回滚描述的例子.

基于对环境和数据库安装在前面的章节中做此示例代码已学习过.

复制过去下面的例子中JDBCExample.java,编译并运行,如下所示:

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//STEP 1. Import required packages
import java.sql.*;
 
public class JDBCExample {
   // JDBC driver name and database URL
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ;
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/EMP" ;
 
   // Database credentials
   static final String USER = "username" ;
   static final String PASS = "password" ;
  
  public static void main(String[] args) {
   Connection conn = null ;
   Statement stmt = null ;
   try {
    //STEP 2: Register JDBC driver
    Class.forName( "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" );
 
    //STEP 3: Open a connection
    System.out.println( "Connecting to database..." );
    conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);
 
    //STEP 4: Set auto commit as false.
    conn.setAutoCommit( false );
 
    //STEP 5: Execute a query to create statment with
    // required arguments for RS example.
    System.out.println( "Creating statement..." );
    stmt = conn.createStatement(
               ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE,
               ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);
   
    //STEP 6: INSERT a row into Employees table
    System.out.println( "Inserting one row...." );
    String SQL = "INSERT INTO Employees " +
           "VALUES (106, 20, 'Rita', 'Tez')" ;
    stmt.executeUpdate(SQL);
 
    //STEP 7: INSERT one more row into Employees table
    SQL = "INSERT INTO Employees " +
           "VALUES (107, 22, 'Sita', 'Singh')" ;
    stmt.executeUpdate(SQL);
 
    //STEP 8: Commit data here.
    System.out.println( "Commiting data here...." );
    conn.commit();
  
   //STEP 9: Now list all the available records.
    String sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Employees" ;
    ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
    System.out.println( "List result set for reference...." );
    printRs(rs);
 
    //STEP 10: Clean-up environment
    rs.close();
    stmt.close();
    conn.close();
   } catch (SQLException se){
    //Handle errors for JDBC
    se.printStackTrace();
    // If there is an error then rollback the changes.
    System.out.println( "Rolling back data here...." );
   try {
   if (conn!= null )
       conn.rollback();
    } catch (SQLException se2){
      se2.printStackTrace();
    } //end try
 
   } catch (Exception e){
    //Handle errors for Class.forName
    e.printStackTrace();
   } finally {
    //finally block used to close resources
    try {
      if (stmt!= null )
       stmt.close();
    } catch (SQLException se2){
    } // nothing we can do
    try {
      if (conn!= null )
       conn.close();
    } catch (SQLException se){
      se.printStackTrace();
    } //end finally try
   } //end try
   System.out.println( "Goodbye!" );
} //end main
 
   public static void printRs(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException{
    //Ensure we start with first row
    rs.beforeFirst();
    while (rs.next()){
      //Retrieve by column name
      int id = rs.getInt( "id" );
      int age = rs.getInt( "age" );
      String first = rs.getString( "first" );
      String last = rs.getString( "last" );
 
      //Display values
      System.out.print( "ID: " + id);
      System.out.print( ", Age: " + age);
      System.out.print( ", First: " + first);
      System.out.println( ", Last: " + last);
    }
    System.out.println();
   } //end printRs()
} //end JDBCExample

现在让我们来编译上面的例子如下:

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C:>javac JDBCExample.java

当运行JDBCExample,它会产生以下结果:

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C:>java JDBCExample
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Connecting to database...
Creating statement...
Inserting one row....
Commiting data here....
List result set for reference....
ID: 100, Age: 18, First: Zara, Last: Ali
ID: 101, Age: 25, First: Mahnaz, Last: Fatma
ID: 102, Age: 30, First: Zaid, Last: Khan
ID: 103, Age: 28, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal
ID: 106, Age: 20, First: Rita, Last: Tez
ID: 107, Age: 22, First: Sita, Last: Singh
Goodbye!

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