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前言： 有时候，一个数据库有多个帐号，包括数据库管理员，开发人员，运维支撑人员等，可能有很多帐号都有比较大的权限，例如DDL操作权限(创建，修改，删除存储过程，创建，修改，删除表等），账户多了，管理起来就会相当麻烦，容易产生混乱，如果数据库管理员不监控数据库架构变更的话，就不知道谁对数据库架构做了啥改动（此处改动仅仅只DDL操作），尤其有时候，有些开发人员可能不按规章制度办事，绕过或忘了通知发布人员或DBA，直接去生产机做一些DDL操作，那么我们就需要对数据库架构某些更改的事件进行监控，如果能够监控并留下证据，这样既可以让DBA或相关管理人员知晓这些变更，有效管理数据库，也可以避免出现问题，出现扯皮现象，最后DBA成了背黑锅的。  下面就是一个解决上述问题的方案，我们通过创建一个表DatabaseLog和DDL触发器来解决问题，首先在msdb数据库里面新建一个表DatabaseLog，用来保存DDL触发器获取的信息。其中DDL触发器主要通过EVENTDATA()函数返回有关服务器或数据库事件的信息。  。

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复制代码代码如下

USE msdb; GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[DatabaseLog] (     [DatabaseLogID]   [int]    IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,     [PostTime]        [datetime] NOT NULL,     [DatabaseUser]    [sysname] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL,     [LoginName]       [sysname] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,     [ClientHost]      [sysname] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,     [Event]           [sysname] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL,     [Schema]          [sysname] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,     [Object]          [sysname] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,     [TSQL]            [nvarchar](max) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL,     [XmlEvent]        [xml] NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_DatabaseLog_DatabaseLogID] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED (     [DatabaseLogID] ASC   )WITH (PAD_INDEX= OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'Primary key for DatabaseLog records.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'DatabaseLogID' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The date and time the DDL change occurred.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'PostTime' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The user who implemented the DDL change.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'DatabaseUser' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The login which implemented the DDL change.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'LoginName' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The client machine on which implemented the DDL change.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'ClientHost' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The type of DDL statement that was executed.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Event' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The schema to which the changed object belongs.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Schema' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The object that was changed by the DDL statment.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Object' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The exact Transact-SQL statement that was executed.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'TSQL' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The raw XML data generated by database trigger.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'XmlEvent' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'Audit table tracking all DDL changes made to the database. Data is captured by the database trigger ddlDatabaseTriggerLog.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog' GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'Primary key (nonclustered) constraint' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'CONSTRAINT',@level2name=N'PK_DatabaseLog_DatabaseLogID' GO 。

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例如，我要监控数据库MyAssistant的DDL操作，那么我们首先在“数据库邮件”里面创建一个配置名为“ DataBase_DDL_Event”的配置文件（profile name）,这个就不多讲了，不知道配置的，自己先练练手把，假如我需要让数据库把监控到DDL操作变动相信信息发送到我的邮箱 *****@***.com(用你自己的邮箱替代)，那么只需要修改下面代码的邮箱和profile_name即可.

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复制代码代码如下

USE MyAssistant; GO CREATE TRIGGER [DTG_DatabaseDdlTriggerLog] ON DATABASE FOR DDL_DATABASE_LEVEL_EVENTS AS BEGIN     SET NOCOUNT ON;     DECLARE @data XML;     DECLARE @schema sysname;     DECLARE @object sysname;     DECLARE @eventType sysname;     DECLARE @tableHTML  NVARCHAR(MAX) ;     SET @data = EVENTDATA();     SET @eventType = @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/EventType)[1]', 'sysname');     SET @schema = @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/SchemaName)[1]', 'sysname');     SET @object = @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/ObjectName)[1]', 'sysname')     IF @object IS NOT NULL         PRINT '  ' + @eventType + ' - ' + @schema + '.' + @object;     ELSE         PRINT '  ' + @eventType + ' - ' + @schema;     IF @eventType IS NULL         PRINT CONVERT(nvarchar(max), @data);     INSERT [msdb].[dbo].[DatabaseLog]         (         [PostTime],         [DatabaseUser],         [LoginName],         [ClientHost],         [Event],         [Schema],         [Object],         [TSQL],         [XmlEvent]         )     VALUES         (         GETDATE(),         CONVERT(sysname, CURRENT_USER),         @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/LoginName)[1]', 'nvarchar(max)'),         CONVERT(sysname, HOST_NAME()),         @eventType,         CONVERT(sysname, @schema),         CONVERT(sysname, @object),         @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/TSQLCommand)[1]', 'nvarchar(max)'),         @data         );     SET @tableHTML =        N'<H1>DDL Event</H1>' +          N'<table border="0">' +          N'<tr><th>Post Time</th><th>User</th><th>Login</th><th>ClientHost</th>' +          N'<th>TSQL</th><th></tr>' +          CAST(( SELECT     td = PostTime,       '',                          td = DatabaseUser, '',             td = LoginName, '',          td = ClientHost, '',              td = TSQL, ''                    FROM msdb.dbo.DatabaseLog                    WHERE DatabaseLogID =(select max(DatabaseLogID) from msdb.dbo.DatabaseLog)                    FOR XML PATH('tr'), TYPE     ) AS NVARCHAR(MAX) ) +     N'</table>' ;     EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail                   @profile_name = 'DataBase_DDL_Event',         @recipients='***@***.com',              @subject = 'DDL Event - DataBase MyAssistant',              @body = @tableHTML,            @body_format = 'HTML' ; END;  GO 。

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接下来我们来测试一下，假如一个用户Test登录数据库，一不小心删除了一个Test的表，如下图一所示，那么我将收到一封邮件，提示我用户Test在那台客户端主机执行了啥DDL操作(如下图二所示)，当然邮件的样式、排版有兴趣的可以去美化一下.

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