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Java多线程之Worker Thread模式

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一.Worker Thread模式

Worker的意思是工作的人,在Worker Thread模式中,工人线程Worker thread会逐个取回工作并进行处理,当所有工作全部完成后,工人线程会等待新的工作到来.

Worker Thread模式也被成为Background Thread(背景线程)模式,另外,如果从保存多个工人线程的场所这一点看,我们也可以称这种模式为Thread Pool模式.

二   .Worker Thread模式中的角色

1.Client(委托者)

创建表示工作请求的Request并将其传递给Channel。在示例程序中,ClientThread相当于该角色.

2.Channel(通信线路)

Channel角色接受来自于Client的Request,并将其传递给Worker。在示例程序中,Channel相当于该角色.

3.Worker(工人)

Worker角色从Channel中获取Request,并进行工作,当一项工作完成后,它会继续去获取另外的Request,在示例程序中,WorkerThread相当于该角色.

4.Request(请求)

Request角色是表示工作的角色,Request角色中保存了进行工作所必须的信息,在示例程序中,Request相当于该角色.

三.Worker Thread使用场景

想象一个场景,一个工厂在生产玩具,在一个车间里,有几个工人,每次生产部件准备好车间外的人就将部件放到车间的一个桌子上,工人每次做完一个玩具就从桌子上取部件。在这里,注意到,部件并不是直接交给工人的,另外一点,工人并不是做完一个部件就回家换个新人,后者在现实有点滑稽,但是在程序中却对应一个典型的线程使用方法:线程池.

所谓线程池,就是对线程的复用,当线程执行完任务之后就继续取其他任务执行,而不是销毁启动新线程执行其他任务。因为线程的启动对于系统性能开销比较大,所以这样对于系统性能的提高很有好处.

四.Worker Thread模式程序示例

首先是请求,即玩具的部件 。

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public class Request {
 
     private final String name;
     private final int number;
 
     public Request(String name, int number) {
         this .name = name;
         this .number = number;
     }
 
     public void execute(){
         System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " executed " + this );
     }
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         return "Request=> " + "No." + number + "  Name." + name;
     }
}

也就是拥有name和number并且execute的时候打印出字段的一个简单类.

ClientThread,负责将请求放入RequestQueue中,即将部件放到桌子上.

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public class ClientThread extends Thread {
 
     private static final Random random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
 
     private final Channel channel;
 
     public ClientThread(String name, Channel channel) {
         super (name);
         this .channel = channel;
     }
 
     @Override
     public void run() {
         try {
 
             for ( int i = 0 ; true ; i++) {
                 Request request = new Request(getName(),i);
                 this .channel.put(request);
                 Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1_000));
             }
         } catch (Exception e) {
 
         }
     }
}

Channel类,可以当做车间 。

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public class Channel {
 
     private final static int MAX_REQUEST = 100 ;
 
     private final Request[] requestQueue;
     private final WorkerThread[] workerPool;
     private int head;
     private int tail;
     private int count;
 
     public Channel( int workers) {
 
         this .requestQueue = new Request[MAX_REQUEST];
         this .head = 0 ;
         this .tail = 0 ;
         this .count = 0 ;
         this .workerPool = new WorkerThread[workers];
         this .init();
     }
 
     private void init() {
         for ( int i = 0 ; i < workerPool.length; i++) {
             workerPool[i] = new WorkerThread( "Worker-" + i, this );
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * push switch to start all of worker to work
      */
     public void startWorker() {
         Arrays.asList(workerPool).forEach(WorkerThread::start);
 
//        List<WorkerThread> workerThreads = Arrays.asList(workerPool);
//
//        workerThreads.stream().forEach(WorkerThread::start);
     }
 
     public synchronized void put(Request request) {
         while (count >= requestQueue.length) {
             try {
                 this .wait();
             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                 e.printStackTrace();
             }
         }
         this .requestQueue[tail] = request;
         this .tail = (tail + 1 ) % requestQueue.length;
         this .count++;
         this .notifyAll();
     }
 
     public synchronized Request take() {
         while (count <= 0 ) {
             try {
                 this .wait();
             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                 e.printStackTrace();
             }
         }
         Request request = this .requestQueue[head];
         this .head = ( this .head + 1 ) % this .requestQueue.length;
         this .count--;
         this .notifyAll();
         return request;
     }
}

Requestqueue可以当做桌子,是一个数量有限的请求队列。threadPool是一个工人线程的数组,这就是一个线程池。在这里提供了putRequest和takeRequest方法,分别是往请求队列放入请求和取出请,这里使用了上一篇博文讲到的生产者消费者模式 java多线程设计模式之消费者生产者模式。确保了WorkerThread和ClientThread之间可以友好合作.

工人线程:

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public class WorkerThread extends Thread {
 
     private static final Random random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
     private final Channel channel;
 
     public WorkerThread(String name, Channel channel) {
         super (name);
         this .channel = channel;
     }
 
     @Override
     public void run() {
         while ( true ) {
             channel.take().execute();
 
             try {
                 Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1_000));
             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                 e.printStackTrace();
             }
         }
     }
}

这里就是一个不断从请求队列中取出请求然后执行请求的过程,保证了工人线程的复用,并不会执行完一个请求任务就销毁.

最后是Main:

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public class WorkerClient {
 
     public static void main(String[] args) {
         final Channel channel = new Channel( 5 );
         channel.startWorker();
 
         new ClientThread( "Alex" , channel).start();
         new ClientThread( "Jack" , channel).start();
         new ClientThread( "William" , channel).start();
     }
}

结果:

Worker-4 executed Request=> No.0  Name.Alex Worker-2 executed Request=> No.0  Name.Jack Worker-3 executed Request=> No.0  Name.William Worker-4 executed Request=> No.1  Name.Jack Worker-0 executed Request=> No.1  Name.William Worker-3 executed Request=> No.2  Name.Jack Worker-2 executed Request=> No.1  Name.Alex Worker-4 executed Request=> No.2  Name.William Worker-1 executed Request=> No.3  Name.Jack Worker-3 executed Request=> No.2  Name.Alex Worker-4 executed Request=> No.3  Name.William Worker-0 executed Request=> No.4  Name.Jack Worker-0 executed Request=> No.3  Name.Alex Worker-1 executed Request=> No.5  Name.Jack Worker-3 executed Request=> No.4  Name.William Worker-1 executed Request=> No.6  Name.Jack Worker-2 executed Request=> No.4  Name.Alex Worker-3 executed Request=> No.7  Name.Jack Worker-0 executed Request=> No.5  Name.William Worker-1 executed Request=> No.5  Name.Alex Worker-4 executed Request=> No.8  Name.Jack Worker-2 executed Request=> No.6  Name.Alex Worker-0 executed Request=> No.7  Name.Alex Worker-4 executed Request=> No.8  Name.Alex Worker-2 executed Request=> No.6  Name.William 省略... 。

可以看出线程执行任务的线程就是WorkerThread1,2,3,4,5五个,它们不断执行来自ClientThread Alex,Jack,William的请求任务.

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原文链接:https://juejin.cn/post/7023986653987340319 。

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