CFSDN坚持开源创造价值，我们致力于搭建一个资源共享平台，让每一个IT人在这里找到属于你的精彩世界.

这篇CFSDN的博客文章Python 通过xpath属性爬取豆瓣热映的电影信息由作者收集整理，如果你对这篇文章有兴趣，记得点赞哟.

前言

声明一下：本文主要是研究使用，没有别的用途.

GitHub仓库地址：github项目仓库 。

页面分析

主要爬取页面为:https://movie.douban.com/cinema/nowplaying/nanjing/ 。

至于后面的地区，可以按照自己的需要改一下，不过多赘述了。页面需要点击一下展开全部影片，才能显示全部内容，不然只有15部。所以我们使用selenium的时候，需要加一个打开页面后的点击逻辑。页面图如下:

通过F12展开的源码，用xpath helper工具验证一下右键复制下来的xpath路径.

为了避免布局调整导致找不到，我把xpath改为通过class名获取.

然后看看每个影片的信息.

分析一下，是不是可以通过nowplaying的div，作为根节点，然后获取下面class为list-item的节点，里面的属性就是我们要的内容.

没什么问题，那么就按照这个思路开始创建项目编码吧.

  。

实现过程

创建项目

创建一个较douban_playing的项目，使用scrapy命令.

scrapy startproject douban_playing 。

Item定义

定义电影信息实体.

# Define here the models for your scraped items## See documentation in:# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.htmlimport scrapyclass DoubanPlayingItem(scrapy.Item):  # define the fields for your item here like:  # name = scrapy.Field()  # 电影名  # 电影分数  score = scrapy.Field()  # 电影发行年份  release = scrapy.Field()  # 电影时长  duration = scrapy.Field()  # 地区  region = scrapy.Field()  # 电影导演  director = scrapy.Field()  # 电影主演  actors = scrapy.Field()

中间件操作定义

主要是点击展开全部影片，需要加一段代码.

# Define here the models for your spider middleware## See documentation in:# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.htmlimport timefrom scrapy import signals# useful for handling different item types with a single interfacefrom itemadapter import is_item, ItemAdapterfrom scrapy.http import HtmlResponsefrom selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutExceptionclass DoubanPlayingSpiderMiddleware:  # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,  # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the  # passed objects.  @classmethod  def from_crawler(cls, crawler):      # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.      s = cls()      crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)      return s  def process_spider_input(self, response, spider):      # Called for each response that goes through the spider      # middleware and into the spider.      # Should return None or raise an exception.      return None  def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):      # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after      # it has processed the response.      # Must return an iterable of Request, or item objects.      for i in result:          yield i  def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):      # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method      # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.      # Should return either None or an iterable of Request or item objects.      pass  def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):      # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works      # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except      # that it doesn't have a response associated.      # Must return only requests (not items).      for r in start_requests:          yield r  def spider_opened(self, spider):      spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)class DoubanPlayingDownloaderMiddleware:  # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,  # scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the  # passed objects.  @classmethod  def from_crawler(cls, crawler):      # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.      s = cls()      crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)      return s  def process_request(self, request, spider):      # Called for each request that goes through the downloader      # middleware.      # Must either:      # - return None: continue processing this request      # - or return a Response object      # - or return a Request object      # - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of      #   installed downloader middleware will be called      # return None      try:          spider.browser.get(request.url)          spider.browser.maximize_window()          time.sleep(2)          spider.browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='nowplaying']/div[@class='more']").click()          # ActionChains(spider.browser).click(searchButtonElement)          time.sleep(5)          return HtmlResponse(url=spider.browser.current_url, body=spider.browser.page_source,                              encoding="utf-8", request=request)      except TimeoutException as e:          print('超时异常:{}'.format(e))          spider.browser.execute_script('window.stop()')      finally:          spider.browser.close()  def process_response(self, request, response, spider):      # Called with the response returned from the downloader.      # Must either;      # - return a Response object      # - return a Request object      # - or raise IgnoreRequest      return response  def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):      # Called when a download handler or a process_request()      # (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.      # Must either:      # - return None: continue processing this exception      # - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain      # - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain      pass  def spider_opened(self, spider):      spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)

爬虫定义

按照属性名，我们取出所有的影片信息。注意取出属性的写法.

#!/user/bin/env python# coding=utf-8"""@project : douban_playing@author  : huyi@file   : douban_playing.py@ide    : PyCharm@time   : 2021-11-10 16:31:23"""import scrapyfrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Optionsfrom douban_playing.items import DoubanPlayingItemclass DoubanPlayingSpider(scrapy.Spider):  name = 'dbp'  # allowed_domains = ['blog.csdn.net']  start_urls = ['https://movie.douban.com/cinema/nowplaying/nanjing/']  nowplaying = "//*[@id='nowplaying']/div[@class='mod-bd']//*[@class='list-item']/@{}"  properties = ['data-title', 'data-score', 'data-release', 'data-duration', 'data-region', 'data-director',                'data-actors']  def __init__(self):      chrome_options = Options()      chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')  # 使用无头谷歌浏览器模式      chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')      chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')      self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options,                                      executable_path="E:\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe")      self.browser.set_page_load_timeout(30)  def parse(self, response, **kwargs):      titles = response.xpath(self.nowplaying.format(self.properties[0])).extract()      scores = response.xpath(self.nowplaying.format(self.properties[1])).extract()      releases = response.xpath(self.nowplaying.format(self.properties[2])).extract()      durations = response.xpath(self.nowplaying.format(self.properties[3])).extract()      regions = response.xpath(self.nowplaying.format(self.properties[4])).extract()      directors = response.xpath(self.nowplaying.format(self.properties[5])).extract()      actors = response.xpath(self.nowplaying.format(self.properties[6])).extract()      for x in range(len(titles)):          item = DoubanPlayingItem()          item['title'] = titles[x]          item['score'] = scores[x]          item['release'] = releases[x]          item['duration'] = durations[x]          item['region'] = regions[x]          item['director'] = directors[x]          item['actors'] = actors[x]          yield item

数据管道定义

还是老样子，把取出的电影数据按照格式输出在文本中.

# Define your item pipelines here## Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html# useful for handling different item types with a single interfacefrom itemadapter import ItemAdapterclass DoubanPlayingPipeline:  def __init__(self):      self.file = open('result.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')  def process_item(self, item, spider):      self.file.write(          "电影:{}\t分数:{}\t发行年份:{}\t电影时长:{}\t地区:{}\t电影导演:{}\t电影主演:{}\n".format(              item['title'],              item['score'],              item['release'],              item['duration'],              item['region'],              item['director'],              item['actors']))      return item  def close_spider(self, spider):      self.file.close()

配置设置

都是一些常规的，放开几个默认配置就行.

# Scrapy settings for douban_playing project## For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:##     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.htmlBOT_NAME = 'douban_playing'SPIDER_MODULES = ['douban_playing.spiders']NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'douban_playing.spiders'# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent#USER_AGENT = 'douban_playing (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0'# Obey robots.txt rulesROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay# See also autothrottle settings and docs#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3# The download delay setting will honor only one of:#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16# Disable cookies (enabled by default)COOKIES_ENABLED = False# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False# Override the default request headers:DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {  'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',  'Accept-Language': 'en',  'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.94 Safari/537.36'}# Enable or disable spider middlewares# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.htmlSPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = { 'douban_playing.middlewares.DoubanPlayingSpiderMiddleware': 543,}# Enable or disable downloader middlewares# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.htmlDOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { 'douban_playing.middlewares.DoubanPlayingDownloaderMiddleware': 543,}# Enable or disable extensions# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html#EXTENSIONS = {#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,#}# Configure item pipelines# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.htmlITEM_PIPELINES = { 'douban_playing.pipelines.DoubanPlayingPipeline': 300,}# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True# The initial download delay#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to# each remote server#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

执行验证

还是老样子，不直接使用scrapy命令，构造一个py执行cmd。注意该py的位置.

看一下执行后的结果.

完美！！！ 。

  。

总结

最近都在写一些爬虫的案例，也是边学习边摸索，把一些实现过程记录一下，也分享一下，等过段时间还可以回忆回忆.

分享:

情之一字，不知所起，不知所栖，不知所结，不知所解，不知所踪，不知所终。 ――《雪中悍刀行》 。

如果本文对你有用的话，请不要吝啬你的赞，谢谢！ 。

以上就是Python 通过xpath属性爬取豆瓣热映的电影信息的详细内容，更多关于Python 爬虫豆瓣的资料请关注我其它相关文章！ 。

原文链接：https://huyi-aliang.blog.csdn.net/article/details/121254579 。

最后此篇关于Python 通过xpath属性爬取豆瓣热映的电影信息的文章就讲到这里了,如果你想了解更多关于Python 通过xpath属性爬取豆瓣热映的电影信息的内容请搜索CFSDN的文章或继续浏览相关文章，希望大家以后支持我的博客！ 。