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这篇CFSDN的博客文章Python编程实现凯撒密码加密示例由作者收集整理,如果你对这篇文章有兴趣,记得点赞哟.
“在密码学中,恺撒密码(英语:Caesar cipher),或称恺撒加密、恺撒变换、变换加密,是一种最简单且最广为人知的加密技术。它是一种替换加密的技术,明文中的所有字母都在字母表上向后(或向前)按照一个固定数目进行偏移后被替换成密文。例如,当偏移量是3的时候,所有的字母A将被替换成D,B变成E,以此类推。这个加密方法是以罗马共和时期恺撒的名字命名的,当年恺撒曾用此方法与其将军们进行联系。” 。
关于凯撒密码的详细介绍:恺撒密码_百度百科 。
凯撒密码程序的源代码 :
在文件编辑器中建立.py文件,并将其保存为caesarCipher.py。然后将本文配套资源 中的pyperclip.py模块放在与 caesarCipher.py 文件相同的目录(相同的文件夹)中、 caesarCipher.py将导人这个模块。pyperclip.py模块如下:
凯撒密码的pyperclip.py模块:
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|
"""
Pyperclip
A cross-platform clipboard module for Python, with copy & paste functions for plain text.
By Al Sweigart al@inventwithpython.com
BSD License
Usage:
import pyperclip
pyperclip.copy('The text to be copied to the clipboard.')
spam = pyperclip.paste()
if not pyperclip.is_available():
print("Copy functionality unavailable!")
On Windows, no additional modules are needed.
On Mac, the pyobjc module is used, falling back to the pbcopy and pbpaste cli
commands. (These commands should come with OS X.).
On Linux, install xclip or xsel via package manager. For example, in Debian:
sudo apt-get install xclip
sudo apt-get install xsel
Otherwise on Linux, you will need the gtk or PyQt5/PyQt4 modules installed.
gtk and PyQt4 modules are not available for Python 3,
and this module does not work with PyGObject yet.
Note: There seem sto be a way to get gtk on Python 3, according to:
https://askubuntu.com/questions/697397/python3-is-not-supporting-gtk-module
Cygwin is currently not supported.
Security Note: This module runs programs with these names:
- which
- where
- pbcopy
- pbpaste
- xclip
- xsel
- klipper
- qdbus
A malicious user could rename or add programs with these names, tricking
Pyperclip into running them with whatever permissions the Python process has.
"""
__version__
=
'1.6.0'
import
contextlib
import
ctypes
import
os
import
platform
import
subprocess
import
sys
import
time
import
warnings
from
ctypes
import
c_size_t, sizeof, c_wchar_p, get_errno, c_wchar
# `import PyQt4` sys.exit()s if DISPLAY is not in the environment.
# Thus, we need to detect the presence of $DISPLAY manually
# and not load PyQt4 if it is absent.
HAS_DISPLAY
=
os.getenv(
"DISPLAY"
,
False
)
EXCEPT_MSG
=
"""
Pyperclip could not find a copy/paste mechanism for your system.
For more information, please visit https://pyperclip.readthedocs.io/en/latest/introduction.html#not-implemented-error """
PY2
=
sys.version_info[
0
]
=
=
2
STR_OR_UNICODE
=
unicode
if
PY2
else
str
ENCODING
=
'utf-8'
# The "which" unix command finds where a command is.
if
platform.system()
=
=
'Windows'
:
WHICH_CMD
=
'where'
else
:
WHICH_CMD
=
'which'
def
_executable_exists(name):
return
subprocess.call([WHICH_CMD, name],
stdout
=
subprocess.PIPE, stderr
=
subprocess.PIPE)
=
=
0
# Exceptions
class
PyperclipException(RuntimeError):
pass
class
PyperclipWindowsException(PyperclipException):
def
__init__(
self
, message):
message
+
=
" (%s)"
%
ctypes.WinError()
super
(PyperclipWindowsException,
self
).__init__(message)
def
init_osx_pbcopy_clipboard():
def
copy_osx_pbcopy(text):
p
=
subprocess.Popen([
'pbcopy'
,
'w'
],
stdin
=
subprocess.PIPE, close_fds
=
True
)
p.communicate(
input
=
text.encode(ENCODING))
def
paste_osx_pbcopy():
p
=
subprocess.Popen([
'pbpaste'
,
'r'
],
stdout
=
subprocess.PIPE, close_fds
=
True
)
stdout, stderr
=
p.communicate()
return
stdout.decode(ENCODING)
return
copy_osx_pbcopy, paste_osx_pbcopy
def
init_osx_pyobjc_clipboard():
def
copy_osx_pyobjc(text):
'''Copy string argument to clipboard'''
newStr
=
Foundation.NSString.stringWithString_(text).nsstring()
newData
=
newStr.dataUsingEncoding_(Foundation.NSUTF8StringEncoding)
board
=
AppKit.NSPasteboard.generalPasteboard()
board.declareTypes_owner_([AppKit.NSStringPboardType],
None
)
board.setData_forType_(newData, AppKit.NSStringPboardType)
def
paste_osx_pyobjc():
"Returns contents of clipboard"
board
=
AppKit.NSPasteboard.generalPasteboard()
content
=
board.stringForType_(AppKit.NSStringPboardType)
return
content
return
copy_osx_pyobjc, paste_osx_pyobjc
def
init_gtk_clipboard():
global
gtk
import
gtk
def
copy_gtk(text):
global
cb
cb
=
gtk.Clipboard()
cb.set_text(text)
cb.store()
def
paste_gtk():
clipboardContents
=
gtk.Clipboard().wait_for_text()
# for python 2, returns None if the clipboard is blank.
if
clipboardContents
is
None
:
return
''
else
:
return
clipboardContents
return
copy_gtk, paste_gtk
def
init_qt_clipboard():
global
QApplication
# $DISPLAY should exist
# Try to import from qtpy, but if that fails try PyQt5 then PyQt4
try
:
from
qtpy.QtWidgets
import
QApplication
except
:
try
:
from
PyQt5.QtWidgets
import
QApplication
except
:
from
PyQt4.QtGui
import
QApplication
app
=
QApplication.instance()
if
app
is
None
:
app
=
QApplication([])
def
copy_qt(text):
cb
=
app.clipboard()
cb.setText(text)
def
paste_qt():
cb
=
app.clipboard()
return
STR_OR_UNICODE(cb.text())
return
copy_qt, paste_qt
def
init_xclip_clipboard():
DEFAULT_SELECTION
=
'c'
PRIMARY_SELECTION
=
'p'
def
copy_xclip(text, primary
=
False
):
selection
=
DEFAULT_SELECTION
if
primary:
selection
=
PRIMARY_SELECTION
p
=
subprocess.Popen([
'xclip'
,
'-selection'
, selection],
stdin
=
subprocess.PIPE, close_fds
=
True
)
p.communicate(
input
=
text.encode(ENCODING))
def
paste_xclip(primary
=
False
):
selection
=
DEFAULT_SELECTION
if
primary:
selection
=
PRIMARY_SELECTION
p
=
subprocess.Popen([
'xclip'
,
'-selection'
, selection,
'-o'
],
stdout
=
subprocess.PIPE,
stderr
=
subprocess.PIPE,
close_fds
=
True
)
stdout, stderr
=
p.communicate()
# Intentionally ignore extraneous output on stderr when clipboard is empty
return
stdout.decode(ENCODING)
return
copy_xclip, paste_xclip
def
init_xsel_clipboard():
DEFAULT_SELECTION
=
'-b'
PRIMARY_SELECTION
=
'-p'
def
copy_xsel(text, primary
=
False
):
selection_flag
=
DEFAULT_SELECTION
if
primary:
selection_flag
=
PRIMARY_SELECTION
p
=
subprocess.Popen([
'xsel'
, selection_flag,
'-i'
],
stdin
=
subprocess.PIPE, close_fds
=
True
)
p.communicate(
input
=
text.encode(ENCODING))
def
paste_xsel(primary
=
False
):
selection_flag
=
DEFAULT_SELECTION
if
primary:
selection_flag
=
PRIMARY_SELECTION
p
=
subprocess.Popen([
'xsel'
, selection_flag,
'-o'
],
stdout
=
subprocess.PIPE, close_fds
=
True
)
stdout, stderr
=
p.communicate()
return
stdout.decode(ENCODING)
return
copy_xsel, paste_xsel
def
init_klipper_clipboard():
def
copy_klipper(text):
p
=
subprocess.Popen(
[
'qdbus'
,
'org.kde.klipper'
,
'/klipper'
,
'setClipboardContents'
,
text.encode(ENCODING)],
stdin
=
subprocess.PIPE, close_fds
=
True
)
p.communicate(
input
=
None
)
def
paste_klipper():
p
=
subprocess.Popen(
[
'qdbus'
,
'org.kde.klipper'
,
'/klipper'
,
'getClipboardContents'
],
stdout
=
subprocess.PIPE, close_fds
=
True
)
stdout, stderr
=
p.communicate()
# Workaround for https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=342874
# TODO: https://github.com/asweigart/pyperclip/issues/43
clipboardContents
=
stdout.decode(ENCODING)
# even if blank, Klipper will append a newline at the end
assert
len
(clipboardContents) >
0
# make sure that newline is there
assert
clipboardContents.endswith(
'\n'
)
if
clipboardContents.endswith(
'\n'
):
clipboardContents
=
clipboardContents[:
-
1
]
return
clipboardContents
return
copy_klipper, paste_klipper
def
init_dev_clipboard_clipboard():
def
copy_dev_clipboard(text):
if
text
=
=
'':
warnings.warn(
'Pyperclip cannot copy a blank string to the clipboard on Cygwin. This is effectively a no-op.'
)
if
'\r'
in
text:
warnings.warn(
'Pyperclip cannot handle \\r characters on Cygwin.'
)
fo
=
open
(
'/dev/clipboard'
,
'wt'
)
fo.write(text)
fo.close()
def
paste_dev_clipboard():
fo
=
open
(
'/dev/clipboard'
,
'rt'
)
content
=
fo.read()
fo.close()
return
content
return
copy_dev_clipboard, paste_dev_clipboard
def
init_no_clipboard():
class
ClipboardUnavailable(
object
):
def
__call__(
self
,
*
args,
*
*
kwargs):
raise
PyperclipException(EXCEPT_MSG)
if
PY2:
def
__nonzero__(
self
):
return
False
else
:
def
__bool__(
self
):
return
False
return
ClipboardUnavailable(), ClipboardUnavailable()
# Windows-related clipboard functions:
class
CheckedCall(
object
):
def
__init__(
self
, f):
super
(CheckedCall,
self
).__setattr__(
"f"
, f)
def
__call__(
self
,
*
args):
ret
=
self
.f(
*
args)
if
not
ret
and
get_errno():
raise
PyperclipWindowsException(
"Error calling "
+
self
.f.__name__)
return
ret
def
__setattr__(
self
, key, value):
setattr
(
self
.f, key, value)
def
init_windows_clipboard():
global
HGLOBAL, LPVOID, DWORD, LPCSTR,
INT
, HWND, HINSTANCE, HMENU,
BOOL
, UINT, HANDLE
from
ctypes.wintypes
import
(HGLOBAL, LPVOID, DWORD, LPCSTR,
INT
, HWND,
HINSTANCE, HMENU,
BOOL
, UINT, HANDLE)
windll
=
ctypes.windll
msvcrt
=
ctypes.CDLL(
'msvcrt'
)
safeCreateWindowExA
=
CheckedCall(windll.user32.CreateWindowExA)
safeCreateWindowExA.argtypes
=
[DWORD, LPCSTR, LPCSTR, DWORD,
INT
,
INT
,
INT
,
INT
, HWND, HMENU, HINSTANCE, LPVOID]
safeCreateWindowExA.restype
=
HWND
safeDestroyWindow
=
CheckedCall(windll.user32.DestroyWindow)
safeDestroyWindow.argtypes
=
[HWND]
safeDestroyWindow.restype
=
BOOL
OpenClipboard
=
windll.user32.OpenClipboard
OpenClipboard.argtypes
=
[HWND]
OpenClipboard.restype
=
BOOL
safeCloseClipboard
=
CheckedCall(windll.user32.CloseClipboard)
safeCloseClipboard.argtypes
=
[]
safeCloseClipboard.restype
=
BOOL
safeEmptyClipboard
=
CheckedCall(windll.user32.EmptyClipboard)
safeEmptyClipboard.argtypes
=
[]
safeEmptyClipboard.restype
=
BOOL
safeGetClipboardData
=
CheckedCall(windll.user32.GetClipboardData)
safeGetClipboardData.argtypes
=
[UINT]
safeGetClipboardData.restype
=
HANDLE
safeSetClipboardData
=
CheckedCall(windll.user32.SetClipboardData)
safeSetClipboardData.argtypes
=
[UINT, HANDLE]
safeSetClipboardData.restype
=
HANDLE
safeGlobalAlloc
=
CheckedCall(windll.kernel32.GlobalAlloc)
safeGlobalAlloc.argtypes
=
[UINT, c_size_t]
safeGlobalAlloc.restype
=
HGLOBAL
safeGlobalLock
=
CheckedCall(windll.kernel32.GlobalLock)
safeGlobalLock.argtypes
=
[HGLOBAL]
safeGlobalLock.restype
=
LPVOID
safeGlobalUnlock
=
CheckedCall(windll.kernel32.GlobalUnlock)
safeGlobalUnlock.argtypes
=
[HGLOBAL]
safeGlobalUnlock.restype
=
BOOL
wcslen
=
CheckedCall(msvcrt.wcslen)
wcslen.argtypes
=
[c_wchar_p]
wcslen.restype
=
UINT
GMEM_MOVEABLE
=
0x0002
CF_UNICODETEXT
=
13
@contextlib
.contextmanager
def
window():
"""
Context that provides a valid Windows hwnd.
"""
# we really just need the hwnd, so setting "STATIC"
# as predefined lpClass is just fine.
hwnd
=
safeCreateWindowExA(
0
, b
"STATIC"
,
None
,
0
,
0
,
0
,
0
,
0
,
None
,
None
,
None
,
None
)
try
:
yield
hwnd
finally
:
safeDestroyWindow(hwnd)
@contextlib
.contextmanager
def
clipboard(hwnd):
"""
Context manager that opens the clipboard and prevents
other applications from modifying the clipboard content.
"""
# We may not get the clipboard handle immediately because
# some other application is accessing it (?)
# We try for at least 500ms to get the clipboard.
t
=
time.time()
+
0.5
success
=
False
while
time.time() < t:
success
=
OpenClipboard(hwnd)
if
success:
break
time.sleep(
0.01
)
if
not
success:
raise
PyperclipWindowsException(
"Error calling OpenClipboard"
)
try
:
yield
finally
:
safeCloseClipboard()
def
copy_windows(text):
# This function is heavily based on
# http://msdn.com/ms649016#_win32_Copying_Information_to_the_Clipboard
with window() as hwnd:
# http://msdn.com/ms649048
# If an application calls OpenClipboard with hwnd set to NULL,
# EmptyClipboard sets the clipboard owner to NULL;
# this causes SetClipboardData to fail.
# => We need a valid hwnd to copy something.
with clipboard(hwnd):
safeEmptyClipboard()
if
text:
# http://msdn.com/ms649051
# If the hMem parameter identifies a memory object,
# the object must have been allocated using the
# function with the GMEM_MOVEABLE flag.
count
=
wcslen(text)
+
1
handle
=
safeGlobalAlloc(GMEM_MOVEABLE,
count
*
sizeof(c_wchar))
locked_handle
=
safeGlobalLock(handle)
ctypes.memmove(c_wchar_p(locked_handle), c_wchar_p(text), count
*
sizeof(c_wchar))
safeGlobalUnlock(handle)
safeSetClipboardData(CF_UNICODETEXT, handle)
def
paste_windows():
with clipboard(
None
):
handle
=
safeGetClipboardData(CF_UNICODETEXT)
if
not
handle:
# GetClipboardData may return NULL with errno == NO_ERROR
# if the clipboard is empty.
# (Also, it may return a handle to an empty buffer,
# but technically that's not empty)
return
""
return
c_wchar_p(handle).value
return
copy_windows, paste_windows
# Automatic detection of clipboard mechanisms and importing is done in deteremine_clipboard():
def
determine_clipboard():
'''
Determine the OS/platform and set the copy() and paste() functions
accordingly.
'''
global
Foundation, AppKit, gtk, qtpy, PyQt4, PyQt5
# Setup for the CYGWIN platform:
if
'cygwin'
in
platform.system().lower():
# Cygwin has a variety of values returned by platform.system(), such as 'CYGWIN_NT-6.1'
# FIXME: pyperclip currently does not support Cygwin,
# see https://github.com/asweigart/pyperclip/issues/55
if
os.path.exists(
'/dev/clipboard'
):
warnings.warn(
'Pyperclip\'s support for Cygwin is not perfect, see https://github.com/asweigart/pyperclip/issues/55'
)
return
init_dev_clipboard_clipboard()
# Setup for the WINDOWS platform:
elif
os.name
=
=
'nt'
or
platform.system()
=
=
'Windows'
:
return
init_windows_clipboard()
# Setup for the MAC OS X platform:
if
os.name
=
=
'mac'
or
platform.system()
=
=
'Darwin'
:
try
:
import
Foundation
# check if pyobjc is installed
import
AppKit
except
ImportError:
return
init_osx_pbcopy_clipboard()
else
:
return
init_osx_pyobjc_clipboard()
# Setup for the LINUX platform:
if
HAS_DISPLAY:
try
:
import
gtk
# check if gtk is installed
except
ImportError:
pass
# We want to fail fast for all non-ImportError exceptions.
else
:
return
init_gtk_clipboard()
if
_executable_exists(
"xclip"
):
return
init_xclip_clipboard()
if
_executable_exists(
"xsel"
):
return
init_xsel_clipboard()
if
_executable_exists(
"klipper"
)
and
_executable_exists(
"qdbus"
):
return
init_klipper_clipboard()
try
:
# qtpy is a small abstraction layer that lets you write applications using a single api call to either PyQt or PySide.
# https://pypi.python.org/pypi/QtPy
import
qtpy
# check if qtpy is installed
except
ImportError:
# If qtpy isn't installed, fall back on importing PyQt4.
try
:
import
PyQt5
# check if PyQt5 is installed
except
ImportError:
try
:
import
PyQt4
# check if PyQt4 is installed
except
ImportError:
pass
# We want to fail fast for all non-ImportError exceptions.
else
:
return
init_qt_clipboard()
else
:
return
init_qt_clipboard()
else
:
return
init_qt_clipboard()
return
init_no_clipboard()
def
set_clipboard(clipboard):
'''
Explicitly sets the clipboard mechanism. The "clipboard mechanism" is how
the copy() and paste() functions interact with the operating system to
implement the copy/paste feature. The clipboard parameter must be one of:
- pbcopy
- pbobjc (default on Mac OS X)
- gtk
- qt
- xclip
- xsel
- klipper
- windows (default on Windows)
- no (this is what is set when no clipboard mechanism can be found)
'''
global
copy, paste
clipboard_types
=
{
'pbcopy'
: init_osx_pbcopy_clipboard,
'pyobjc'
: init_osx_pyobjc_clipboard,
'gtk'
: init_gtk_clipboard,
'qt'
: init_qt_clipboard,
# TODO - split this into 'qtpy', 'pyqt4', and 'pyqt5'
'xclip'
: init_xclip_clipboard,
'xsel'
: init_xsel_clipboard,
'klipper'
: init_klipper_clipboard,
'windows'
: init_windows_clipboard,
'no'
: init_no_clipboard}
if
clipboard
not
in
clipboard_types:
raise
ValueError(
'Argument must be one of %s'
%
(
', '
.join([
repr
(_)
for
_
in
clipboard_types.keys()])))
# Sets pyperclip's copy() and paste() functions:
copy, paste
=
clipboard_types[clipboard]()
def
lazy_load_stub_copy(text):
'''
A stub function for copy(), which will load the real copy() function when
called so that the real copy() function is used for later calls.
This allows users to import pyperclip without having determine_clipboard()
automatically run, which will automatically select a clipboard mechanism.
This could be a problem if it selects, say, the memory-heavy PyQt4 module
but the user was just going to immediately call set_clipboard() to use a
different clipboard mechanism.
The lazy loading this stub function implements gives the user a chance to
call set_clipboard() to pick another clipboard mechanism. Or, if the user
simply calls copy() or paste() without calling set_clipboard() first,
will fall back on whatever clipboard mechanism that determine_clipboard()
automatically chooses.
'''
global
copy, paste
copy, paste
=
determine_clipboard()
return
copy(text)
def
lazy_load_stub_paste():
'''
A stub function for paste(), which will load the real paste() function when
called so that the real paste() function is used for later calls.
This allows users to import pyperclip without having determine_clipboard()
automatically run, which will automatically select a clipboard mechanism.
This could be a problem if it selects, say, the memory-heavy PyQt4 module
but the user was just going to immediately call set_clipboard() to use a
different clipboard mechanism.
The lazy loading this stub function implements gives the user a chance to
call set_clipboard() to pick another clipboard mechanism. Or, if the user
simply calls copy() or paste() without calling set_clipboard() first,
will fall back on whatever clipboard mechanism that determine_clipboard()
automatically chooses.
'''
global
copy, paste
copy, paste
=
determine_clipboard()
return
paste()
def
is_available():
return
copy !
=
lazy_load_stub_copy
and
paste !
=
lazy_load_stub_paste
# Initially, copy() and paste() are set to lazy loading wrappers which will
# set `copy` and `paste` to real functions the first time they're used, unless
# set_clipboard() or determine_clipboard() is called first.
copy, paste
=
lazy_load_stub_copy, lazy_load_stub_paste
__all__
=
[
'copy'
,
'paste'
,
'set_clipboard'
,
'determine_clipboard'
]
|
1.首先引用pyperclip.py模块:
1
|
import
pyperclip
|
2.定义变量message,message为要加密的字符串: 。
1
2
|
# The string to be encrypted
message
=
'ILOVEYOU.'
|
3.将偏移设为3,即令key=3,设置为解密模式,并加入所有可加密的符号:
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
# The encryption key:
key
=
3
mode
=
'decrypt'
# Every possible symbol that can be encrypted:
SYMBOLS
=
'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890 !?.'
|
4. translated储存信息的解密形式,仅加密/解密在symbols和SYMBOLS里共有的字符(串) 。
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
# Stores the encrypted/decrypted form of the message:
translated
=
''
for
symbol
in
message:
# Note: Only symbols in the `SYMBOLS` string can be encrypted/decrypted.
if
symbol
in
SYMBOLS:
symbolIndex
=
SYMBOLS.find(symbol)
|
5.执行加密/解密并添加未加密/解密的字符:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
# Perform encryption/decryption:
if
mode
=
=
'encrypt'
:
translatedIndex
=
symbolIndex
+
key
elif
mode
=
=
'decrypt'
:
translatedIndex
=
symbolIndex
-
key
# Handle wrap-around, if needed:
if
translatedIndex >
=
len
(SYMBOLS):
translatedIndex
=
translatedIndex
-
len
(SYMBOLS)
elif
translatedIndex <
0
:
translatedIndex
=
translatedIndex
+
len
(SYMBOLS)
translated
=
translated
+
SYMBOLS[translatedIndex]
|
6.输出translated字符串:
1
2
|
print
(translated)
pyperclip.copy(translated)
|
以上就是Python编程实现凯撒密码加密示例的详细内容,更多关于Python实现凯撒密码加密的资料请关注我其它相关文章! 。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_52351575/article/details/120742012 。
最后此篇关于Python编程实现凯撒密码加密示例的文章就讲到这里了,如果你想了解更多关于Python编程实现凯撒密码加密示例的内容请搜索CFSDN的文章或继续浏览相关文章,希望大家以后支持我的博客! 。
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