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java中为何重写equals时必须重写hashCode方法详解

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这篇CFSDN的博客文章java中为何重写equals时必须重写hashCode方法详解由作者收集整理,如果你对这篇文章有兴趣,记得点赞哟.

前言 。

大家都知道,equals和hashcode是java.lang.object类的两个重要的方法,在实际应用中常常需要重写这两个方法,但至于为什么重写这两个方法很多人都搞不明白.

在上一篇博文java中equals和==的区别中介绍了object类的equals方法,并且也介绍了我们可在重写equals方法,本章我们来说一下为什么重写equals方法的时候也要重写hashcode方法.

 先让我们来看看object类源码 。

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/**
  * returns a hash code value for the object. this method is
  * supported for the benefit of hash tables such as those provided by
  * {@link java.util.hashmap}.
  * <p>
  * the general contract of {@code hashcode} is:
  * <ul>
  * <li>whenever it is invoked on the same object more than once during
  * an execution of a java application, the {@code hashcode} method
  * must consistently return the same integer, provided no information
  * used in {@code equals} comparisons on the object is modified.
  * this integer need not remain consistent from one execution of an
  * application to another execution of the same application.
  * <li>if two objects are equal according to the {@code equals(object)}
  * method, then calling the {@code hashcode} method on each of
  * the two objects must produce the same integer result.
  * <li>it is <em>not</em> required that if two objects are unequal
  * according to the {@link java.lang.object#equals(java.lang.object)}
  * method, then calling the {@code hashcode} method on each of the
  * two objects must produce distinct integer results. however, the
  * programmer should be aware that producing distinct integer results
  * for unequal objects may improve the performance of hash tables.
  * </ul>
  * <p>
  * as much as is reasonably practical, the hashcode method defined by
  * class {@code object} does return distinct integers for distinct
  * objects. (this is typically implemented by converting the internal
  * address of the object into an integer, but this implementation
  * technique is not required by the
  * java™ programming language.)
  *
  * @return a hash code value for this object.
  * @see java.lang.object#equals(java.lang.object)
  * @see java.lang.system#identityhashcode
  */
  public native int hashcode();
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/**
  * indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
  * <p>
  * the {@code equals} method implements an equivalence relation
  * on non-null object references:
  * <ul>
  * <li>it is <i>reflexive</i>: for any non-null reference value
  * {@code x}, {@code x.equals(x)} should return
  * {@code true}.
  * <li>it is <i>symmetric</i>: for any non-null reference values
  * {@code x} and {@code y}, {@code x.equals(y)}
  * should return {@code true} if and only if
  * {@code y.equals(x)} returns {@code true}.
  * <li>it is <i>transitive</i>: for any non-null reference values
  * {@code x}, {@code y}, and {@code z}, if
  * {@code x.equals(y)} returns {@code true} and
  * {@code y.equals(z)} returns {@code true}, then
  * {@code x.equals(z)} should return {@code true}.
  * <li>it is <i>consistent</i>: for any non-null reference values
  * {@code x} and {@code y}, multiple invocations of
  * {@code x.equals(y)} consistently return {@code true}
  * or consistently return {@code false}, provided no
  * information used in {@code equals} comparisons on the
  * objects is modified.
  * <li>for any non-null reference value {@code x},
  * {@code x.equals(null)} should return {@code false}.
  * </ul>
  * <p>
  * the {@code equals} method for class {@code object} implements
  * the most discriminating possible equivalence relation on objects;
  * that is, for any non-null reference values {@code x} and
  * {@code y}, this method returns {@code true} if and only
  * if {@code x} and {@code y} refer to the same object
  * ({@code x == y} has the value {@code true}).
  * <p>
  * note that it is generally necessary to override the {@code hashcode}
  * method whenever this method is overridden, so as to maintain the
  * general contract for the {@code hashcode} method, which states
  * that equal objects must have equal hash codes.
  *
  * @param obj the reference object with which to compare.
  * @return {@code true} if this object is the same as the obj
  *  argument; {@code false} otherwise.
  * @see #hashcode()
  * @see java.util.hashmap
  */
  public boolean equals(object obj) {
  return ( this == obj);
  }

hashcode:是一个native方法,返回的是对象的内存地址, 。

equals:对于基本数据类型,==比较的是两个变量的值。对于引用对象,==比较的是两个对象的地址.

接下来我们看下hashcode的注释 。

1.在 java 应用程序执行期间,在对同一对象多次调用 hashcode 方法时,必须一致地返回相同的整数,前提是将对象进行 equals 比较时所用的信息没有被修改。  从某一应用程序的一次执行到同一应用程序的另一次执行,该整数无需保持一致。 2.如果根据 equals(object) 方法,两个对象是相等的,那么对这两个对象中的每个对象调用 hashcode 方法都必须生成相同的整数结果。 3.如果根据 equals(java.lang.object) 方法,两个对象不相等,那么两个对象不一定必须产生不同的整数结果。  但是,程序员应该意识到,为不相等的对象生成不同整数结果可以提高哈希表的性能.

从hashcode的注释中我们看到,hashcode方法在定义时做出了一些常规协定,即 。

1,当obj1.equals(obj2) 为 true 时,obj1.hashcode() == obj2.hashcode() 。

2,当obj1.equals(obj2) 为 false 时,obj1.hashcode() != obj2.hashcode() 。

hashcode是用于散列数据的快速存取,如利用hashset/hashmap/hashtable类来存储数据时,都是根据存储对象的hashcode值来进行判断是否相同的。如果我们将对象的equals方法重写而不重写hashcode,当我们再次new一个新的对象的时候,equals方法返回的是true,但是hashcode方法返回的就不一样了,如果需要将这些对象存储到结合中(比如:set,map ...)的时候就违背了原有集合的原则,下面让我们通过一段代码看下.

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/**
  * @see person
  * @param args
  */
  public static void main(string[] args)
  {
  hashmap<person, integer> map = new hashmap<person, integer>();
 
  person p = new person( "jack" , 22 , "男" );
  person p1 = new person( "jack" , 22 , "男" );
 
  system.out.println( "p的hashcode:" +p.hashcode());
  system.out.println( "p1的hashcode:" +p1.hashcode());
  system.out.println(p.equals(p1));
  system.out.println(p == p1);
 
  map.put(p, 888 );
  map.put(p1, 888 );
  map.foreach((key,val)->{
   system.out.println(key);
   system.out.println(val);
  });
  }

equals和hashcode方法的都不重写 。

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public class person
{
  private string name;
 
  private int age;
 
  private string sex;
 
  person(string name, int age,string sex){
  this .name = name;
  this .age = age;
  this .sex = sex;
  }
}
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p的hashcode: 356573597
p1的hashcode: 1735600054
false
false
com.blueskyli.练习.person @677327b6
com.blueskyli.练习.person @1540e19d

只重写equals方法 。

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public class person
{
  private string name;
 
  private int age;
 
  private string sex;
 
  person(string name, int age,string sex){
  this .name = name;
  this .age = age;
  this .sex = sex;
  }
 
  @override public boolean equals(object obj)
  {
  if (obj instanceof person){
   person person = (person)obj;
   return name.equals(person.name);
  }
  return super .equals(obj);
  }
}
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p的hashcode: 356573597
p1的hashcode: 1735600054
true
false
com.blueskyli.练习.person @677327b6
com.blueskyli.练习.person @1540e19d

equals和hashcode方法都重写 。

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public class person
{
  private string name;
 
  private int age;
 
  private string sex;
 
  person(string name, int age,string sex){
  this .name = name;
  this .age = age;
  this .sex = sex;
  }
 
  @override public boolean equals(object obj)
  {
  if (obj instanceof person){
   person person = (person)obj;
   return name.equals(person.name);
  }
  return super .equals(obj);
  }
 
  @override public int hashcode()
  {
  return name.hashcode();
  }
}
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p的hashcode: 3254239
p1的hashcode: 3254239
true
false
com.blueskyli.练习.person @31a7df

我们知道map是不允许存在相同的key的,由上面的代码可以知道,如果不重写equals和hashcode方法的话会使得你在使用map的时候出现与预期不一样的结果,具体equals和hashcode如何重写,里面的逻辑如何实现需要根据现实当中的业务来规定.

总结:

1,两个对象,用==比较比较的是地址,需采用equals方法(可根据需求重写)比较.

2,重写equals()方法就重写hashcode()方法.

3,一般相等的对象都规定有相同的hashcode.

4,string类重写了equals和hashcode方法,比较的是值.

5,重写hashcode方法为了将数据存入hashset/hashmap/hashtable(可以参考源码有助于理解)类时进行比较 。

好了,以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对我的支持.

原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/blueskyli/p/9936076.html 。

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