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Java Map.entry案例详解

转载 作者:qq735679552 更新时间:2022-09-27 22:32:09 26 4
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   Map.entrySet() 这个方法返回的是一个Set<Map.Entry<K,V>>,Map.Entry 是Map中的一个接口,他的用途是表示一个映射项(里面有Key和Value),而Set<Map.Entry<K,V>>表示一个映射项的Set。Map.Entry里有相应的getKey和getValue方法,即JavaBean,让我们能够从一个项中取出Key和Value.

下面是遍历Map的四种方法

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public static void main(String[] args) {
 
 
   Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
   map.put( "1" , "value1" );
   map.put( "2" , "value2" );
   map.put( "3" , "value3" );
  
   //第一种:普遍使用,二次取值
   System.out.println( "通过Map.keySet遍历key和value:" );
   for (String key : map.keySet()) {
    System.out.println( "key= " + key + " and value= " + map.get(key));
   }
  
   //第二种
   System.out.println( "通过Map.entrySet使用iterator遍历key和value:" );
   Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> it = map.entrySet().iterator();
   while (it.hasNext()) {
    Map.Entry<String, String> entry = it.next();
    System.out.println( "key= " + entry.getKey() + " and value= " + entry.getValue());
   }
  
   //第三种:推荐,尤其是容量大时
   System.out.println( "通过Map.entrySet遍历key和value" );
   for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
    System.out.println( "key= " + entry.getKey() + " and value= " + entry.getValue());
   }
 
   //第四种
   System.out.println( "通过Map.values()遍历所有的value,但不能遍历key" );
   for (String v : map.values()) {
    System.out.println( "value= " + v);
   }
  }

下面是HashMap的源代码:

首先HashMap的底层实现用的时候一个Entry数组 。

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/**
      * The table, resized as necessary. Length MUST Always be a power of two.
      */ 
    transient Entry[] table; //声明了一个数组 
    ........ 
    public HashMap() { 
         this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; 
         threshold = (int)(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY * DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR); 
         table = new Entry[DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY];//初始化数组的大小为DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY(这里是16) 
         init(); 
     }

再来看一下Entry是在什么地方定义的,继续上源码,我们在HashMap的源码的674行发现了它的定义,原来他是HashMap的一个内部类,并且实现了Map.Entry接口,以下有些地方是转载 。

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static class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> { 
     final K key; 
     V value; 
     Entry<K,V> next; 
     final int hash; 
  
     /**
      * Creates new entry.
      */
     Entry( int h, K k, V v, Entry<K,V> n) { 
         value = v; 
         next = n; 
         key = k; 
         hash = h; 
    
  
     public final K getKey() { 
         return key; 
    
  
     public final V getValue() { 
         return value; 
    
  
     public final V setValue(V newValue) { 
  V oldValue = value; 
         value = newValue; 
         return oldValue; 
    
  
     public final boolean equals(Object o) { 
         if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry)) 
             return false
         Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry)o; 
         Object k1 = getKey(); 
         Object k2 = e.getKey(); 
         if (k1 == k2 || (k1 != null && k1.equals(k2))) { 
             Object v1 = getValue(); 
             Object v2 = e.getValue(); 
             if (v1 == v2 || (v1 != null && v1.equals(v2))) 
                 return true
        
         return false
    
  
     public final int hashCode() { 
         return (key== null   ? 0 : key.hashCode()) ^ 
                (value== null ? 0 : value.hashCode()); 
    
  
     public final String toString() { 
         return getKey() + "=" + getValue(); 
    
  
     /**
      * This method is invoked whenever the value in an entry is
      * overwritten by an invocation of put(k,v) for a key k that's already
      * in the HashMap.
      */
     void recordAccess(HashMap<K,V> m) { 
    
  
     /**
      * This method is invoked whenever the entry is
      * removed from the table.
      */
     void recordRemoval(HashMap<K,V> m) { 
    
}

既然这样那我们再看一下Map.Entry这个接口是怎么定义的,原来他是Map的一个内部接口并且定义了一些方法 。

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   interface Entry<K,V> { 
     /**
  * Returns the key corresponding to this entry.
  *
  * @return the key corresponding to this entry
         * @throws IllegalStateException implementations may, but are not
         *         required to, throw this exception if the entry has been
         *         removed from the backing map.
  */
K getKey(); 
  
     /**
  * Returns the value corresponding to this entry.  If the mapping
  * has been removed from the backing map (by the iterator's
  * <tt>remove</tt> operation), the results of this call are undefined.
  *
  * @return the value corresponding to this entry
         * @throws IllegalStateException implementations may, but are not
         *         required to, throw this exception if the entry has been
         *         removed from the backing map.
  */
V getValue(); 
  
     /**
  * Replaces the value corresponding to this entry with the specified
  * value (optional operation).  (Writes through to the map.)  The
  * behavior of this call is undefined if the mapping has already been
  * removed from the map (by the iterator's <tt>remove</tt> operation).
  *
         * @param value new value to be stored in this entry
         * @return old value corresponding to the entry
         * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>put</tt> operation
         *         is not supported by the backing map
         * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified value
         *         prevents it from being stored in the backing map
         * @throws NullPointerException if the backing map does not permit
         *         null values, and the specified value is null
         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of this value
         *         prevents it from being stored in the backing map
         * @throws IllegalStateException implementations may, but are not
         *         required to, throw this exception if the entry has been
         *         removed from the backing map.
         */
V setValue(V value); 
  
/**
  * Compares the specified object with this entry for equality.
  * Returns <tt>true</tt> if the given object is also a map entry and
  * the two entries represent the same mapping.  More formally, two
  * entries <tt>e1</tt> and <tt>e2</tt> represent the same mapping
  * if<pre>
         *     (e1.getKey()==null ?
         *      e2.getKey()==null : e1.getKey().equals(e2.getKey()))  &&
         *     (e1.getValue()==null ?
         *      e2.getValue()==null : e1.getValue().equals(e2.getValue()))
         * </pre>
  * This ensures that the <tt>equals</tt> method works properly across
  * different implementations of the <tt>Map.Entry</tt> interface.
  *
  * @param o object to be compared for equality with this map entry
  * @return <tt>true</tt> if the specified object is equal to this map
  *         entry
         */
boolean equals(Object o); 
  
/**
  * Returns the hash code value for this map entry.  The hash code
  * of a map entry <tt>e</tt> is defined to be: <pre>
  *     (e.getKey()==null   ? 0 : e.getKey().hashCode()) ^
  *     (e.getValue()==null ? 0 : e.getValue().hashCode())
         * </pre>
  * This ensures that <tt>e1.equals(e2)</tt> implies that
  * <tt>e1.hashCode()==e2.hashCode()</tt> for any two Entries
  * <tt>e1</tt> and <tt>e2</tt>, as required by the general
  * contract of <tt>Object.hashCode</tt>.
  *
  * @return the hash code value for this map entry
  * @see Object#hashCode()
  * @see Object#equals(Object)
  * @see #equals(Object)
  */
int hashCode(); 
    }

看到这里的时候大伙儿估计都明白得差不多了为什么HashMap为什么要选择Entry数组来存放key-value对了吧,因为Entry实现的Map.Entry接口里面定义了getKey(),getValue(),setKey(),setValue()等方法相当于一个javaBean,对键值对进行了一个封装便于后面的操作,从这里我们其实也可以联想到不光是HashMap,譬如LinkedHashMap,TreeMap 等继承自map的容器存储key-value对都应该使用的是Entry只不过组织Entry的形式不一样,HashMap用的是数组加链表的形式,LinkedHashMap用的是链表的形式,TreeMap应该使用的二叉树的形式,不信的话上源码 。

LinkedHashMap

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/**
     * The head of the doubly linked list.
     */
/定义了链头 
    private transient Entry<K,V> header;

初始化链表的方法:

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void init() { 
     header = new Entry<K,V>(- 1 , null , null , null ); 
     header.before = header.after = header; 
}

TreeMap

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//定义根节点 
  private transient Entry<K,V> root = null ;

再看他的put方法,是不是很面熟(二叉排序树的插入操作) 。

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public V put(K key, V value) { 
     Entry<K,V> t = root; 
     if (t == null ) { 
  // TBD: 
  // 5045147: (coll) Adding null to an empty TreeSet should 
  // throw NullPointerException 
  // 
  // compare(key, key); // type check 
         root = new Entry<K,V>(key, value, null ); 
         size = 1
         modCount++; 
         return null
    
     int cmp; 
     Entry<K,V> parent; 
     // split comparator and comparable paths 
     Comparator<? super K> cpr = comparator; 
     if (cpr != null ) { 
         do
             parent = t; 
             cmp = cpr.compare(key, t.key); 
             if (cmp < 0
                 t = t.left; 
             else if (cmp > 0
                 t = t.right; 
             else
                 return t.setValue(value); 
         } while (t != null ); 
    
     else
         if (key == null
             throw new NullPointerException(); 
         Comparable<? super K> k = (Comparable<? super K>) key; 
         do
             parent = t; 
             cmp = k.compareTo(t.key); 
             if (cmp < 0
                 t = t.left; 
             else if (cmp > 0
                 t = t.right; 
             else
                 return t.setValue(value); 
         } while (t != null ); 
    
     Entry<K,V> e = new Entry<K,V>(key, value, parent); 
     if (cmp < 0
         parent.left = e; 
     else
         parent.right = e; 
     fixAfterInsertion(e); 
     size++; 
     modCount++; 
     return null
}

ok,明白了各种Map的底层存储key-value对的方式后,再来看看如何遍历map吧,这里用HashMap来演示吧 。

Map提供了一些常用方法,如keySet()、entrySet()等方法,keySet()方法返回值是Map中key值的集合;entrySet()的返回值也是返回一个Set集合,此集合的类型为Map.Entry.

so,很容易写出如下的遍历代码 。

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1 .  Map map = new HashMap(); 
  
          Irerator iterator = map.entrySet().iterator(); 
  
          while (iterator.hasNext()) { 
  
                  Map.Entry entry = iterator.next(); 
  
                  Object key = entry.getKey(); 
  
                  // 
  
         
  
      2 .Map map = new HashMap();  
  
          Set  keySet= map.keySet(); 
  
          Irerator iterator = keySet.iterator; 
  
          while (iterator.hasNext()) { 
  
                  Object key = iterator.next(); 
  
                  Object value = map.get(key); 
  
                  // 
  
         
另外,还有一种遍历方法是,单纯的遍历value值,Map有一个values方法,返回的是value的Collection集合。通过遍历collection也可以遍历value,如
[java] view plain copy
Map map = new HashMap(); 
  
Collection c = map.values(); 
  
Iterator iterator = c.iterator(); 
  
while (iterator.hasNext()) { 
  
        Object value = iterator.next();

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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/kyi_zhu123/article/details/52769469 。

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