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这篇CFSDN的博客文章Spring Cloud学习教程之Zuul统一异常处理与回退由作者收集整理,如果你对这篇文章有兴趣,记得点赞哟.
前言 。
zuul 是netflix 提供的一个开源组件,致力于在云平台上提供动态路由,监控,弹性,安全等边缘服务的框架。也有很多公司使用它来作为网关的重要组成部分,碰巧今年公司的架构组决定自研一个网关产品,集动态路由,动态权限,限流配额等功能为一体,为其他部门的项目提供统一的外网调用管理,最终形成产品(这方面阿里其实已经有成熟的网关产品了,但是不太适用于个性化的配置,也没有集成权限和限流降级).
本文主要给大家介绍了关于spring cloud zuul统一异常处理与回退的相关内容,分享出来供大家参考学习,下面话不多说了,来一起看看详细的介绍吧.
1、filter中统一异常处理 。
其实在springcloud的edgware sr2版本中对于zuulfilter中的错误有统一的处理,但是在实际开发当中对于错误的响应方式,我想每个团队都有自己的处理规范。那么如何做到自定义的异常处理呢?
我们可以先参考一下springcloud提供的senderrorfilter
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/*
* copyright 2013-2015 the original author or authors.
*
* licensed under the apache license, version 2.0 (the "license");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the license.
* you may obtain a copy of the license at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/license-2.0
*
* unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the license is distributed on an "as is" basis,
* without warranties or conditions of any kind, either express or implied.
* see the license for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the license.
*/
package org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.post;
import javax.servlet.requestdispatcher;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletresponse;
import org.apache.commons.logging.log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.logfactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.value;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.util.zuulruntimeexception;
import org.springframework.util.reflectionutils;
import org.springframework.util.stringutils;
import com.netflix.zuul.zuulfilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.requestcontext;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.zuulexception;
import static org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.filterconstants.error_type;
import static org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.filterconstants.send_error_filter_order;
/**
* error {@link zuulfilter} that forwards to /error (by default) if {@link requestcontext#getthrowable()} is not null.
*
* @author spencer gibb
*/
//todo: move to error package in edgware
public
class
senderrorfilter
extends
zuulfilter {
private
static
final
log log = logfactory.getlog(senderrorfilter.
class
);
protected
static
final
string send_error_filter_ran =
"senderrorfilter.ran"
;
@value
(
"${error.path:/error}"
)
private
string errorpath;
@override
public
string filtertype() {
return
error_type;
}
@override
public
int
filterorder() {
return
send_error_filter_order;
}
@override
public
boolean
shouldfilter() {
requestcontext ctx = requestcontext.getcurrentcontext();
// only forward to errorpath if it hasn't been forwarded to already
return
ctx.getthrowable() !=
null
&& !ctx.getboolean(send_error_filter_ran,
false
);
}
@override
public
object run() {
try
{
requestcontext ctx = requestcontext.getcurrentcontext();
zuulexception exception = findzuulexception(ctx.getthrowable());
httpservletrequest request = ctx.getrequest();
request.setattribute(
"javax.servlet.error.status_code"
, exception.nstatuscode);
log.warn(
"error during filtering"
, exception);
request.setattribute(
"javax.servlet.error.exception"
, exception);
if
(stringutils.hastext(exception.errorcause)) {
request.setattribute(
"javax.servlet.error.message"
, exception.errorcause);
}
requestdispatcher dispatcher = request.getrequestdispatcher(
this
.errorpath);
if
(dispatcher !=
null
) {
ctx.set(send_error_filter_ran,
true
);
if
(!ctx.getresponse().iscommitted()) {
ctx.setresponsestatuscode(exception.nstatuscode);
dispatcher.forward(request, ctx.getresponse());
}
}
}
catch
(exception ex) {
reflectionutils.rethrowruntimeexception(ex);
}
return
null
;
}
zuulexception findzuulexception(throwable throwable) {
if
(throwable.getcause()
instanceof
zuulruntimeexception) {
// this was a failure initiated by one of the local filters
return
(zuulexception) throwable.getcause().getcause();
}
if
(throwable.getcause()
instanceof
zuulexception) {
// wrapped zuul exception
return
(zuulexception) throwable.getcause();
}
if
(throwable
instanceof
zuulexception) {
// exception thrown by zuul lifecycle
return
(zuulexception) throwable;
}
// fallback, should never get here
return
new
zuulexception(throwable, httpservletresponse.sc_internal_server_error,
null
);
}
public
void
seterrorpath(string errorpath) {
this
.errorpath = errorpath;
}
}
|
在这里我们可以找到几个关键点:
1)在上述代码中,我们可以发现filter已经将相关的错误信息放到request当中了:
request.setattribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code", exception.nstatuscode),
request.setattribute("javax.servlet.error.exception", exception),
request.setattribute("javax.servlet.error.message", exception.errorcause),
2)错误处理完毕后,会转发到 xxx/error的地址来处理 。
那么我们可以来做个试验,我们在gateway-service项目模块里,创建一个会抛出异常的filter
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package
com.hzgj.lyrk.springcloud.gateway.server.filter;
import
com.netflix.zuul.zuulfilter;
import
lombok.extern.slf4j.slf4j;
import
org.springframework.stereotype.component;
@component
@slf4j
public
class
myzuulfilter
extends
zuulfilter {
@override
public
string filtertype() {
return
"post"
;
}
@override
public
int
filterorder() {
return
9
;
}
@override
public
boolean
shouldfilter() {
return
true
;
}
@override
public
object run() {
log.info(
"run error test ..."
);
throw
new
runtimeexception();
// return null;
}
}
|
紧接着我们定义一个控制器,来做错误处理:
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package
com.hzgj.lyrk.springcloud.gateway.server.filter;
import
org.springframework.http.httpstatus;
import
org.springframework.http.responseentity;
import
org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.getmapping;
import
org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.restcontroller;
import
javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest;
@restcontroller
public
class
errorhandler {
@getmapping
(value =
"/error"
)
public
responseentity<errorbean> error(httpservletrequest request) {
string message = request.getattribute(
"javax.servlet.error.message"
).tostring();
errorbean errorbean =
new
errorbean();
errorbean.setmessage(message);
errorbean.setreason(
"程序出错"
);
return
new
responseentity<>(errorbean, httpstatus.bad_gateway);
}
private
static
class
errorbean {
private
string message;
private
string reason;
public
string getmessage() {
return
message;
}
public
void
setmessage(string message) {
this
.message = message;
}
public
string getreason() {
return
reason;
}
public
void
setreason(string reason) {
this
.reason = reason;
}
}
}
|
启动项目后,我们通过网关访问一下试试:
2、关于zuul回退的问题 。
1、关于zuul的超时问题:
这个问题网上有很多解决方案,但是我还要贴一下源代码,请关注这个类 abstractribboncommand,在这个类里集成了hystrix与ribbon.
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/*
* copyright 2013-2016 the original author or authors.
*
* licensed under the apache license, version 2.0 (the "license");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the license.
* you may obtain a copy of the license at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/license-2.0
*
* unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the license is distributed on an "as is" basis,
* without warranties or conditions of any kind, either express or implied.
* see the license for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the license.
*
*/
package org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.support;
import org.apache.commons.logging.log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.logfactory;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.ribbonclientconfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.ribbonhttpresponse;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.support.abstractloadbalancingclient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.support.contextawarerequest;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.zuulproperties;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.ribboncommand;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.ribboncommandcontext;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.zuulfallbackprovider;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.fallbackprovider;
import org.springframework.http.client.clienthttpresponse;
import com.netflix.client.abstractloadbalancerawareclient;
import com.netflix.client.clientrequest;
import com.netflix.client.config.defaultclientconfigimpl;
import com.netflix.client.config.iclientconfig;
import com.netflix.client.config.iclientconfigkey;
import com.netflix.client.http.httpresponse;
import com.netflix.config.dynamicintproperty;
import com.netflix.config.dynamicpropertyfactory;
import com.netflix.hystrix.hystrixcommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.hystrixcommandgroupkey;
import com.netflix.hystrix.hystrixcommandkey;
import com.netflix.hystrix.hystrixcommandproperties;
import com.netflix.hystrix.hystrixcommandproperties.executionisolationstrategy;
import com.netflix.hystrix.hystrixthreadpoolkey;
import com.netflix.zuul.constants.zuulconstants;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.requestcontext;
/**
* @author spencer gibb
*/
public
abstract
class
abstractribboncommand<lbc
extends
abstractloadbalancerawareclient<rq, rs>, rq
extends
clientrequest, rs
extends
httpresponse>
extends
hystrixcommand<clienthttpresponse>
implements
ribboncommand {
private
static
final
log logger = logfactory.getlog(abstractribboncommand.
class
);
protected
final
lbc client;
protected
ribboncommandcontext context;
protected
zuulfallbackprovider zuulfallbackprovider;
protected
iclientconfig config;
public
abstractribboncommand(lbc client, ribboncommandcontext context,
zuulproperties zuulproperties) {
this
(
"default"
, client, context, zuulproperties);
}
public
abstractribboncommand(string commandkey, lbc client,
ribboncommandcontext context, zuulproperties zuulproperties) {
this
(commandkey, client, context, zuulproperties,
null
);
}
public
abstractribboncommand(string commandkey, lbc client,
ribboncommandcontext context, zuulproperties zuulproperties,
zuulfallbackprovider fallbackprovider) {
this
(commandkey, client, context, zuulproperties, fallbackprovider,
null
);
}
public
abstractribboncommand(string commandkey, lbc client,
ribboncommandcontext context, zuulproperties zuulproperties,
zuulfallbackprovider fallbackprovider, iclientconfig config) {
this
(getsetter(commandkey, zuulproperties, config), client, context, fallbackprovider, config);
}
protected
abstractribboncommand(setter setter, lbc client,
ribboncommandcontext context,
zuulfallbackprovider fallbackprovider, iclientconfig config) {
super
(setter);
this
.client = client;
this
.context = context;
this
.zuulfallbackprovider = fallbackprovider;
this
.config = config;
}
protected
static
hystrixcommandproperties.setter createsetter(iclientconfig config, string commandkey, zuulproperties zuulproperties) {
int
hystrixtimeout = gethystrixtimeout(config, commandkey);
return
hystrixcommandproperties.setter().withexecutionisolationstrategy(
zuulproperties.getribbonisolationstrategy()).withexecutiontimeoutinmilliseconds(hystrixtimeout);
}
protected
static
int
gethystrixtimeout(iclientconfig config, string commandkey) {
int
ribbontimeout = getribbontimeout(config, commandkey);
dynamicpropertyfactory dynamicpropertyfactory = dynamicpropertyfactory.getinstance();
int
defaulthystrixtimeout = dynamicpropertyfactory.getintproperty(
"hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutinmilliseconds"
,
0
).get();
int
commandhystrixtimeout = dynamicpropertyfactory.getintproperty(
"hystrix.command."
+ commandkey +
".execution.isolation.thread.timeoutinmilliseconds"
,
0
).get();
int
hystrixtimeout;
if
(commandhystrixtimeout >
0
) {
hystrixtimeout = commandhystrixtimeout;
}
else
if
(defaulthystrixtimeout >
0
) {
hystrixtimeout = defaulthystrixtimeout;
}
else
{
hystrixtimeout = ribbontimeout;
}
if
(hystrixtimeout < ribbontimeout) {
logger.warn(
"the hystrix timeout of "
+ hystrixtimeout +
"ms for the command "
+ commandkey +
" is set lower than the combination of the ribbon read and connect timeout, "
+ ribbontimeout +
"ms."
);
}
return
hystrixtimeout;
}
protected
static
int
getribbontimeout(iclientconfig config, string commandkey) {
int
ribbontimeout;
if
(config ==
null
) {
ribbontimeout = ribbonclientconfiguration.default_read_timeout + ribbonclientconfiguration.default_connect_timeout;
}
else
{
int
ribbonreadtimeout = gettimeout(config, commandkey,
"readtimeout"
,
iclientconfigkey.keys.readtimeout, ribbonclientconfiguration.default_read_timeout);
int
ribbonconnecttimeout = gettimeout(config, commandkey,
"connecttimeout"
,
iclientconfigkey.keys.connecttimeout, ribbonclientconfiguration.default_connect_timeout);
int
maxautoretries = gettimeout(config, commandkey,
"maxautoretries"
,
iclientconfigkey.keys.maxautoretries, defaultclientconfigimpl.default_max_auto_retries);
int
maxautoretriesnextserver = gettimeout(config, commandkey,
"maxautoretriesnextserver"
,
iclientconfigkey.keys.maxautoretriesnextserver, defaultclientconfigimpl.default_max_auto_retries_next_server);
ribbontimeout = (ribbonreadtimeout + ribbonconnecttimeout) * (maxautoretries +
1
) * (maxautoretriesnextserver +
1
);
}
return
ribbontimeout;
}
private
static
int
gettimeout(iclientconfig config, string commandkey, string property, iclientconfigkey<integer> configkey,
int
defaultvalue) {
dynamicpropertyfactory dynamicpropertyfactory = dynamicpropertyfactory.getinstance();
return
dynamicpropertyfactory.getintproperty(commandkey +
"."
+ config.getnamespace() +
"."
+ property, config.get(configkey, defaultvalue)).get();
}
@deprecated
//todo remove in 2.0.x
protected
static
setter getsetter(
final
string commandkey, zuulproperties zuulproperties) {
return
getsetter(commandkey, zuulproperties,
null
);
}
protected
static
setter getsetter(
final
string commandkey,
zuulproperties zuulproperties, iclientconfig config) {
// @formatter:off
setter commandsetter = setter.withgroupkey(hystrixcommandgroupkey.factory.askey(
"ribboncommand"
))
.andcommandkey(hystrixcommandkey.factory.askey(commandkey));
final
hystrixcommandproperties.setter setter = createsetter(config, commandkey, zuulproperties);
if
(zuulproperties.getribbonisolationstrategy() == executionisolationstrategy.semaphore){
final
string name = zuulconstants.zuul_eureka + commandkey +
".semaphore.maxsemaphores"
;
// we want to default to semaphore-isolation since this wraps
// 2 others commands that are already thread isolated
final
dynamicintproperty value = dynamicpropertyfactory.getinstance()
.getintproperty(name, zuulproperties.getsemaphore().getmaxsemaphores());
setter.withexecutionisolationsemaphoremaxconcurrentrequests(value.get());
}
else
if
(zuulproperties.getthreadpool().isuseseparatethreadpools()) {
final
string threadpoolkey = zuulproperties.getthreadpool().getthreadpoolkeyprefix() + commandkey;
commandsetter.andthreadpoolkey(hystrixthreadpoolkey.factory.askey(threadpoolkey));
}
return
commandsetter.andcommandpropertiesdefaults(setter);
// @formatter:on
}
@override
protected
clienthttpresponse run()
throws
exception {
final
requestcontext context = requestcontext.getcurrentcontext();
rq request = createrequest();
rs response;
boolean
retryableclient =
this
.client
instanceof
abstractloadbalancingclient
&& ((abstractloadbalancingclient)
this
.client).isclientretryable((contextawarerequest)request);
if
(retryableclient) {
response =
this
.client.execute(request, config);
}
else
{
response =
this
.client.executewithloadbalancer(request, config);
}
context.set(
"ribbonresponse"
, response);
// explicitly close the httpresponse if the hystrix command timed out to
// release the underlying http connection held by the response.
//
if
(
this
.isresponsetimedout()) {
if
(response !=
null
) {
response.close();
}
}
return
new
ribbonhttpresponse(response);
}
@override
protected
clienthttpresponse getfallback() {
if
(zuulfallbackprovider !=
null
) {
return
getfallbackresponse();
}
return
super
.getfallback();
}
protected
clienthttpresponse getfallbackresponse() {
if
(zuulfallbackprovider
instanceof
fallbackprovider) {
throwable cause = getfailedexecutionexception();
cause = cause ==
null
? getexecutionexception() : cause;
if
(cause ==
null
) {
zuulfallbackprovider.fallbackresponse();
}
else
{
return
((fallbackprovider) zuulfallbackprovider).fallbackresponse(cause);
}
}
return
zuulfallbackprovider.fallbackresponse();
}
public
lbc getclient() {
return
client;
}
public
ribboncommandcontext getcontext() {
return
context;
}
protected
abstract
rq createrequest()
throws
exception;
}
|
请注意:getribbontimeout方法与gethystrixtimeout方法,其中这两个方法 commandkey的值为路由的名称,比如说我们访问:http://localhost:8088/order-server/xxx来访问order-server服务, 那么commandkey 就为order-server 。
根据源代码,我们先设置gateway-server的超时参数:
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#全局的ribbon设置
ribbon:
connecttimeout:
3000
readtimeout:
3000
hystrix:
command:
default
:
execution:
isolation:
thread:
timeoutinmilliseconds:
3000
zuul:
host:
connecttimeoutmillis:
10000
|
当然也可以单独为order-server设置ribbon的超时参数:order-server.ribbon.xxxx=xxx , 为了演示zuul中的回退效果,我在这里把hystrix超时时间设置短一点。当然最好不要将hystrix默认的超时时间设置的比ribbon的超时时间短,源码里遇到此情况已经给与我们警告了.
那么我们在order-server下添加如下方法:
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@getmapping
(
"/sleep/{sleeptime}"
)
public
string sleep(
@pathvariable
long
sleeptime)
throws
interruptedexception {
timeunit.seconds.sleep(sleeptime);
return
"success"
;
}
|
2、zuul的回退方法 。
我们可以实现zuulfallbackprovider接口,实现代码:
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package
com.hzgj.lyrk.springcloud.gateway.server.filter;
import
com.google.common.collect.immutablemap;
import
com.google.gson.gsonbuilder;
import
org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.zuulfallbackprovider;
import
org.springframework.http.httpheaders;
import
org.springframework.http.httpstatus;
import
org.springframework.http.mediatype;
import
org.springframework.http.client.clienthttpresponse;
import
org.springframework.stereotype.component;
import
java.io.bytearrayinputstream;
import
java.io.ioexception;
import
java.io.inputstream;
import
java.time.localdatetime;
import
java.time.localtime;
@component
public
class
fallbackhandler
implements
zuulfallbackprovider {
@override
public
string getroute() {
//代表所有的路由都适配该设置
return
"*"
;
}
@override
public
clienthttpresponse fallbackresponse() {
return
new
clienthttpresponse() {
@override
public
httpstatus getstatuscode()
throws
ioexception {
return
httpstatus.ok;
}
@override
public
int
getrawstatuscode()
throws
ioexception {
return
200
;
}
@override
public
string getstatustext()
throws
ioexception {
return
"ok"
;
}
@override
public
void
close() {
}
@override
public
inputstream getbody()
throws
ioexception {
string result =
new
gsonbuilder().create().tojson(immutablemap.of(
"errorcode"
,
500
,
"content"
,
"请求失败"
,
"time"
, localdatetime.now()));
return
new
bytearrayinputstream(result.getbytes());
}
@override
public
httpheaders getheaders() {
httpheaders headers =
new
httpheaders();
headers.setcontenttype(mediatype.application_json);
return
headers;
}
};
}
}
|
此时我们访问:http://localhost:8088/order-server/sleep/6 得到如下结果:
当我们访问:http://localhost:8088/order-server/sleep/1 就得到如下结果:
总结 。
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对我的支持.
原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/niechen/p/8856551.html 。
最后此篇关于Spring Cloud学习教程之Zuul统一异常处理与回退的文章就讲到这里了,如果你想了解更多关于Spring Cloud学习教程之Zuul统一异常处理与回退的内容请搜索CFSDN的文章或继续浏览相关文章,希望大家以后支持我的博客! 。
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