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Spring(AbstractRoutingDataSource)实现动态数据源切换示例

转载 作者:qq735679552 更新时间:2022-09-29 22:32:09 25 4
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1、前言 。

近期一项目A需实现数据同步到另一项目B数据库中,在不改变B项目的情况下,只好选择项目A中切换数据源,直接把数据写入项目B的数据库中。这种需求,在数据同步与定时任务中经常需要.

那么问题来了,该如何解决多数据源问题呢?不光是要配置多个数据源,还得能灵活动态的切换数据源。以spring+hibernate框架项目为例:

Spring(AbstractRoutingDataSource)实现动态数据源切换示例

单个数据源绑定给sessionFactory,再在Dao层操作,若多个数据源的话,那不是就成了下图:

Spring(AbstractRoutingDataSource)实现动态数据源切换示例

可见,sessionFactory都写死在了Dao层,若我再添加个数据源的话,则又得添加一个sessionFactory。所以比较好的做法应该是下图:

Spring(AbstractRoutingDataSource)实现动态数据源切换示例

接下来就为大家讲解下如何用spring来整合这些数据源,同样以spring+hibernate配置为例.

2、实现原理 。

1、扩展Spring的AbstractRoutingDataSource抽象类(该类充当了DataSource的路由中介, 能有在运行时, 根据某种key值来动态切换到真正的DataSource上。) 。

从AbstractRoutingDataSource的源码中:

  。

复制代码 代码如下:

public abstract class AbstractRoutingDataSource extends AbstractDataSource implements InitializingBean

  。

我们可以看到,它继承了AbstractDataSource,而AbstractDataSource不就是javax.sql.DataSource的子类,So我们可以分析下它的getConnection方法:

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public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
  return determineTargetDataSource().getConnection();
}
 
public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
   return determineTargetDataSource().getConnection(username, password);
}

获取连接的方法中,重点是determineTargetDataSource()方法,看源码:

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/**
   * Retrieve the current target DataSource. Determines the
   * {@link #determineCurrentLookupKey() current lookup key}, performs
   * a lookup in the {@link #setTargetDataSources targetDataSources} map,
   * falls back to the specified
   * {@link #setDefaultTargetDataSource default target DataSource} if necessary.
   * @see #determineCurrentLookupKey()
   */
  protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() {
   Assert.notNull( this .resolvedDataSources, "DataSource router not initialized" );
   Object lookupKey = determineCurrentLookupKey();
   DataSource dataSource = this .resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey);
   if (dataSource == null && ( this .lenientFallback || lookupKey == null )) {
    dataSource = this .resolvedDefaultDataSource;
   }
   if (dataSource == null ) {
    throw new IllegalStateException( "Cannot determine target DataSource for lookup key [" + lookupKey + "]" );
   }
   return dataSource;
  }

上面这段源码的重点在于determineCurrentLookupKey()方法,这是AbstractRoutingDataSource类中的一个抽象方法,而它的返回值是你所要用的数据源dataSource的key值,有了这个key值,resolvedDataSource(这是个map,由配置文件中设置好后存入的)就从中取出对应的DataSource,如果找不到,就用配置默认的数据源.

看完源码,应该有点启发了吧,没错!你要扩展AbstractRoutingDataSource类,并重写其中的determineCurrentLookupKey()方法,来实现数据源的切换:

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package com.datasource.test.util.database;
 
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;
 
/**
  * 获取数据源(依赖于spring)
  * @author linhy
  */
public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource{
  @Override
  protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
   return DataSourceHolder.getDataSource();
  }
}

DataSourceHolder这个类则是我们自己封装的对数据源进行操作的类:

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package com.datasource.test.util.database;
 
/**
  * 数据源操作
  * @author linhy
  */
public class DataSourceHolder {
  //线程本地环境
  private static final ThreadLocal<String> dataSources = new ThreadLocal<String>();
  //设置数据源
  public static void setDataSource(String customerType) {
   dataSources.set(customerType);
  }
  //获取数据源
  public static String getDataSource() {
   return (String) dataSources.get();
  }
  //清除数据源
  public static void clearDataSource() {
   dataSources.remove();
  }
 
}

2、有人就要问,那你setDataSource这方法是要在什么时候执行呢?当然是在你需要切换数据源的时候执行啦。手动在代码中调用写死吗?这是多蠢的方法,当然要让它动态咯。所以我们可以应用spring aop来设置,把配置的数据源类型都设置成为注解标签,在service层中需要切换数据源的方法上,写上注解标签,调用相应方法切换数据源咯(就跟你设置事务一样):

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@DataSource (name=DataSource.slave1)
public List getProducts(){

当然,注解标签的用法可能很少人用到,但它可是个好东西哦,大大的帮助了我们开发:

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package com.datasource.test.util.database;
 
import java.lang.annotation.*;
 
@Target ({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention (RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface DataSource {
  String name() default DataSource.master;
 
  public static String master = "dataSource1" ;
 
  public static String slave1 = "dataSource2" ;
 
  public static String slave2 = "dataSource3" ;
 
}

3、配置文件 。

为了精简篇幅,省略了无关本内容主题的配置.

项目中单独分离出application-database.xml,关于数据源配置的文件.

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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
<!-- Spring 数据库相关配置 放在这里 -->
< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">
 
  < bean id = "dataSource1" class = "com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource" >
   < property name = "url" value = "${db1.url}" />
   < property name = "user" value = "${db1.user}" />
   < property name = "password" value = "${db1.pwd}" />
   < property name = "autoReconnect" value = "true" />
   < property name = "useUnicode" value = "true" />
   < property name = "characterEncoding" value = "UTF-8" />
  </ bean >
 
  < bean id = "dataSource2" class = "com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource" >
   < property name = "url" value = "${db2.url}" />
   < property name = "user" value = "${db2.user}" />
   < property name = "password" value = "${db2.pwd}" />
   < property name = "autoReconnect" value = "true" />
   < property name = "useUnicode" value = "true" />
   < property name = "characterEncoding" value = "UTF-8" />
  </ bean >
 
  < bean id = "dataSource3" class = "com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource" >
   < property name = "url" value = "${db3.url}" />
   < property name = "user" value = "${db3.user}" />
   < property name = "password" value = "${db3.pwd}" />
   < property name = "autoReconnect" value = "true" />
   < property name = "useUnicode" value = "true" />
   < property name = "characterEncoding" value = "UTF-8" />
  </ bean >
  <!-- 配置多数据源映射关系 -->
  < bean id = "dataSource" class = "com.datasource.test.util.database.DynamicDataSource" >
   < property name = "targetDataSources" >
    < map key-type = "java.lang.String" >
   < entry key = "dataSource1" value-ref = "dataSource1" ></ entry >
     < entry key = "dataSource2" value-ref = "dataSource2" ></ entry >
     < entry key = "dataSource3" value-ref = "dataSource3" ></ entry >
    </ map >
   </ property >
  <!-- 默认目标数据源为你主库数据源 -->
   < property name = "defaultTargetDataSource" ref = "dataSource1" />
  </ bean >
 
  < bean id = "sessionFactoryHibernate" class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
   < property name = "dataSource" ref = "dataSource" />
   < property name = "hibernateProperties" >
    < props >
     < prop key = "hibernate.dialect" >com.datasource.test.util.database.ExtendedMySQLDialect</ prop >
     < prop key = "hibernate.show_sql" >${SHOWSQL}</ prop >
     < prop key = "hibernate.format_sql" >${SHOWSQL}</ prop >
     < prop key = "query.factory_class" >org.hibernate.hql.classic.ClassicQueryTranslatorFactory</ prop >
     < prop key = "hibernate.connection.provider_class" >org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider</ prop >
     < prop key = "hibernate.c3p0.max_size" >30</ prop >
     < prop key = "hibernate.c3p0.min_size" >5</ prop >
     < prop key = "hibernate.c3p0.timeout" >120</ prop >
     < prop key = "hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period" >120</ prop >
     < prop key = "hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment" >2</ prop >
     < prop key = "hibernate.c3p0.validate" >true</ prop >
     < prop key = "hibernate.c3p0.max_statements" >100</ prop >
    </ props >
   </ property >
  </ bean >
 
  < bean id = "hibernateTemplate" class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate" >
   < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactoryHibernate" />
  </ bean >
 
  < bean id = "dataSourceExchange" class = "com.datasource.test.util.database.DataSourceExchange" />
 
  < bean id = "transactionManager" class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
   < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactoryHibernate" />
  </ bean >
 
  < tx:advice id = "txAdvice" transaction-manager = "transactionManager" >
   < tx:attributes >
    < tx:method name = "insert*" propagation = "NESTED" rollback-for = "Exception" />
    < tx:method name = "add*" propagation = "NESTED" rollback-for = "Exception" />
    < tx:method name = "update*" propagation = "NESTED" rollback-for = "Exception" />
    < tx:method name = "modify*" propagation = "NESTED" rollback-for = "Exception" />
    < tx:method name = "edit*" propagation = "NESTED" rollback-for = "Exception" />
    < tx:method name = "del*" propagation = "NESTED" rollback-for = "Exception" />
    < tx:method name = "save*" propagation = "NESTED" rollback-for = "Exception" />
    < tx:method name = "send*" propagation = "NESTED" rollback-for = "Exception" />
    < tx:method name = "get*" read-only = "true" />
    < tx:method name = "find*" read-only = "true" />
    < tx:method name = "query*" read-only = "true" />
    < tx:method name = "search*" read-only = "true" />
    < tx:method name = "select*" read-only = "true" />
    < tx:method name = "count*" read-only = "true" />
   </ tx:attributes >
  </ tx:advice >
 
  < aop:config >
   < aop:pointcut id = "service" expression = "execution(* com.datasource..*.service.*.*(..))" />
   <!-- 关键配置,切换数据源一定要比持久层代码更先执行(事务也算持久层代码) -->
   < aop:advisor advice-ref = "txAdvice" pointcut-ref = "service" order = "2" />
   < aop:advisor advice-ref = "dataSourceExchange" pointcut-ref = "service" order = "1" />
  </ aop:config >
 
</ beans >

4、疑问 。

多数据源切换是成功了,但牵涉到事务呢?单数据源事务是ok的,但如果多数据源需要同时使用一个事务呢?这个问题有点头大,网络上有人提出用atomikos开源项目实现JTA分布式事务处理。你怎么看?

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持我.

原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/davidwang456/p/4318303.html 。

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