<?php
$stm = $pdo->prepare("select * from users where user = :user");
$user = "jack";
//正确
$stm->bindParam(":user",$user);
//错误
$stm->bindParam(":user","jack");
//正确
$stm->bindValue(":user",$user);
//正确
$stm->bindValue(":user","jack");
 
//所以使用bindParam是第二个参数只能用变量名，而不能用变量值，而bindValue至可以使用具体值。
?>

<?php
function  readData ( $dbh ) {
    $sql  =  'SELECT name, colour, calories FROM fruit' ;
    try {
        $stmt  =  $dbh -> prepare ( $sql );
        $stmt -> execute ();
 
        /*  通过列号绑定  */
        $stmt -> bindColumn ( 1 ,  $name );
        $stmt -> bindColumn ( 2 ,  $colour );
 
        /*  通过列名绑定  */
        $stmt -> bindColumn ( 'calories' ,  $cals );
 
        while ( $row  =  $stmt -> fetch ( PDO :: FETCH_BOUND )) {
            $data  =  $name  .  "\t"  .  $colour  .  "\t"  .  $cals  .  "\n" ;
            print  $data ;
        }
    }
    catch ( PDOException $e ) {
        print  $e -> getMessage ();
    }
}
readData ( $dbh );
?>