DRF快速写五个接口，比你用手也快···

实战-DRF快速写接口

开发环境

• Python3.6
• Pycharm专业版2021.2.3
• Sqlite3
• Django 2.2
• djangorestframework3.13

测试工具

Postman

需求

• 注册接口，包含字段用户名，密码，确认密码，用户类型
• 登陆接口，校验用户名，密码，生成随机字符串
• 认证功能，除了注册登陆接口外，所有接口都要登陆后访问
• 频率限制功能，每分钟访问5次，book的所有接口，使用这个频率类
• 权限限制功能，publish的所有操作需要超级用户能访问，其他的普通登陆用户就可以操作

模型

from django.db import models

class User(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=((1, '超级管理员'), (2, '普通管理员'), (3, '普通用户')))

class UserToken(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(to=User,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    token = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=11)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author')
    publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    @property
    def publish_detail(self):
        return {'name': self.publish.name,'Email':self.publish.email}

    @property
    def author_list(self):
        l = []
        print(self.authors.all())  # <QuerySet [<Author: Author object (1)>, <Author: Author object (2)>]>
        for author in self.authors.all():
            print(author.authordetail)  # AuthorDetail object (1)
            l.append({'name': author.username, 'gender': author.gender,
                      'address': author.authordetail.address,'telephone':author.authordetail.telephone})
        return l



class Author(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=11)
    gender = models.IntegerField(choices=((1, '男'), (2, '女'), (3, '未知')))
    authordetail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDetail', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    @property
    def authordetail_info(self):
        return {'telephone': self.authordetail.telephone, 'address': self.authordetail.address}

class AuthorDetail(models.Model):
    telephone = models.BigIntegerField()
    address = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class Publish(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=11)
    email = models.EmailField()

序列化器

from rest_framework import serializers

from .models import *

# 用户序列化器
class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = '__all__'

# 书序列化器
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        # fields = '__all__'
        fields = ['id', 'title', 'price', 'publish', 'authors', 'publish_detail', 'author_list']

        extra_kwargs = {
            'publish': {'write_only': True},
            'authors': {'write_only': True},
        }


# 作者序列化器
class AuthorSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        # 指定和哪个表有关系
        model = Author
        # fields = '__all__'
        fields = ['id', 'username', 'gender', 'telephone', 'address', 'authordetail_info']

    # 重写字段telephone和addr
    telephone = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)
    address = serializers.CharField(write_only=True, max_length=8, required=False)

    # 重写create，操作两个表
    def create(self, validated_data):
        # 先存作者详情
        authordetail = AuthorDetail.objects.create(telephone=validated_data.get('telephone'),
                                                   address=validated_data.get('address'))
        # 存作者表
        author = Author.objects.create(author_detail=authordetail, gender=validated_data.get('gender'),
                                       username=validated_data.get('username'))
        # 这样只返回author对象就行，直接存了两个表,返回反序列化的对象
        return author

# 出版社序列化器
class PublishSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta():
        model = Publish
        fields = '__all__'

视图

from django.contrib.auth.hashers import make_password, check_password
from rest_framework.decorators import action
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSet
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from .auth import *
from .serializer import *
from .models import *

# 注册视图
class UserRegisterView(ViewSet):
    @action(methods=["POST"], detail=False)
    def register(self, request):
        usernmae = request.data.get('username')
        password = request.data.get('password')
        re_password = request.data.get('re_password')
        user_type = request.data.get('user_type')
        if User.objects.filter(username=usernmae):
            return Response({'msg': f'用户{usernmae}已注册！', 'code': 4000})
        else:
            if password == re_password:
                # make_password加密:make_password(password, salt=None, hasher='default')
                user_date = {'username': usernmae, 'password': make_password(password), 'user_type': user_type}
                user_serializer = UserSerializer(data=user_date)
                if user_serializer.is_valid():
                    user_serializer.save()
                    return Response({'code': 2001, 'msg': f'用户{usernmae}注册成功'})
                else:
                    return Response({'code': 4001, 'msg': '注册失败', 'errors': user_serializer.errors})
            else:
                return Response({'msg': '两次密码不一致', 'code': 4002})

# 登录视图
class UserLoginView(ViewSet):

    @action(methods=["POST"], detail=False)
    def login(self, request):
        username = request.data.get('username')
        password = request.data.get('password')
        user = User.objects.filter(username=username).first()
        # check_password(password, encoded, setter=None, preferred='default')
        if user and check_password(password, user.password):
            import uuid
            token = str(uuid.uuid4())
            UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user, defaults={'token': token})
            return Response({'code': 2000, 'msg': f'用户{user.username}登录成功', 'token': token})
        return Response({'code': 4004, 'msg': '校验失败，用户名或密码错误'})

# 书接视图
class BookView(ModelViewSet):
    authentication_classes = [LoginAuth,]
    throttle_classes = [IPThrottle,]
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

# 作者视图
class AuthorView(ModelViewSet):
    authentication_classes = [LoginAuth,]
    queryset = Author.objects.all()
    serializer_class = AuthorSerializer

# 出版社视图
class PublishView(ModelViewSet):
    authentication_classes = [LoginAuth, ]
    permission_classes = [UserPermission,]
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublishSerializer

认证权限频率

from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed
from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission
from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle

from app01 import models

# 认证类
class LoginAuth(BaseAuthentication):
    # 重写authenticate方法
    def authenticate(self, request):
        # 获取前端携带的token,token放在哪是自己规定的，比如从查询参数中获取
        token = request.query_params.get('token')
        # 比对随机字符串
        user_token = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
        if user_token:
            # 登录了，返回当前登录用户和token
            return user_token.user, token
        else:
            # 没有登录，抛异常
            raise AuthenticationFailed('您没有登录，请登录')

# 权限类
class UserPermission(BasePermission):
    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        # 没有权限的提示信息
        self.message = '您是:%s，没有权限' % request.user.get_user_type_display()
        # 如果有权限，返回True,没有权限返回False
        # 权限类，在认证类之后，request.user有了当前登录用户
        user_type = request.user.user_type
        print(user_type)
        if user_type < 3:  # 只要不是1，2，就没有权限
            return True
        else:
            return False

# 频率类
class IPThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
    scope = 'ip'

    # get_cache_key返回什么就以什么方法做限制，限制条件必须唯一，比如用户id
    def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
        # 限制ip地址，从request.META字典中获取ip
        '''
        request.META:请求头中的数据
        '''
        return request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')  # 客户端ip

配置文件

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
        'ip': '5/m'  # minute_3是scope的字符串，一分钟访问5次
    }, }

路由

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
from app01 import views
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter
router = SimpleRouter()
router.register('user',views.UserLoginView,'user')
router.register('user',views.UserRegisterView,'user')

router.register('books',views.BookView,'books')
router.register('author',views.AuthorView,'author')
router.register('publish',views.PublishView,'publish')

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include(router.urls)),
]

测试

下面是普通用户，403了~