一、 ByteBuffer消息粘包、消息半包的概述

• NIO是面向缓冲区进行通信的，不是面向流的。既然是缓冲区，那它一定存在一个固定大小。这样一来通常会遇到两个问题：
• 消息粘包：当缓冲区足够大，由于网络不稳定种种原因，可能会有多条消息从通道读入缓冲区，此时如果无法分清数据包之间的界限，就会导致粘包问题；
• 消息半包：若消息没有接收完，缓冲区就被填满了，会导致从缓冲区取出的消息不完整，即半包的现象。

二、示例需求

网络上有多条数据发送给服务端，数据之间使用 \n 进行分隔，但由于某种原因这些数据在接收时，被进行了重新组合，例如原始数据有3条：

• Hello,world\n

• I’m zhangsan\n

• How are you?\n
  变成了下面的两个 byteBuffer (黏包，半包)

• Hello,world\nI’m zhangsan\nHo

• w are you?\n
  现在要求你编写程序，将错乱的数据恢复成原始的按 \n 分隔的数据

三、示例代码

• 需求代码

package com.example.nettytest.nio.day1;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import static com.example.nettytest.nio.day1.ByteBufferUtil.debugAll;
/**
 * @description:
 * @author: xz
 * @create: 2022-07-26 21:10
 */
public class TestByteBufferExam {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //分配一个新的字节缓冲区,容量为50
        ByteBuffer sourceByteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(50);
        //写入数据
        sourceByteBuffer.put("Hello,world\nI'm zhangsan\nHo".getBytes());

        split(sourceByteBuffer);
        //再次写入数据
        sourceByteBuffer.put("w are you?\n".getBytes());

        split(sourceByteBuffer);
    }
    /**
     * 将错乱的数据恢复成原始的按 \n 分隔的数据方法
     * */
    public static void split(ByteBuffer sourceByteBuffer){
        //flip 切换到读模式
        sourceByteBuffer.flip();
        for(int i = 0; i < sourceByteBuffer.limit(); i++){
            if(sourceByteBuffer.get(i) =='\n'){//找到一条完整消息
                //换行符索引+1-起始位置
                int length =i + 1- sourceByteBuffer.position();
                // 把此条完整消息存入新的 ByteBuffer
                ByteBuffer targetByteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(length);
                for(int j=0;j<length;j++){
                    targetByteBuffer.put(sourceByteBuffer.get());
                }
                //打印byteBuffer中所有内容
                debugAll(targetByteBuffer);
            }
        }
        //compact 把未读完的部分向前压缩，然后切换至写模式
        sourceByteBuffer.compact();
    }
}

• 输出ByteBuffer结构的工具类

package com.example.nettytest.nio.day1;

import io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

import static io.netty.util.internal.MathUtil.isOutOfBounds;
import static io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil.NEWLINE;

public class ByteBufferUtil {
    private static final char[] BYTE2CHAR = new char[256];
    private static final char[] HEXDUMP_TABLE = new char[256 * 4];
    private static final String[] HEXPADDING = new String[16];
    private static final String[] HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES = new String[65536 >>> 4];
    private static final String[] BYTE2HEX = new String[256];
    private static final String[] BYTEPADDING = new String[16];

    static {
        final char[] DIGITS = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray();
        for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
            HEXDUMP_TABLE[i << 1] = DIGITS[i >>> 4 & 0x0F];
            HEXDUMP_TABLE[(i << 1) + 1] = DIGITS[i & 0x0F];
        }

        int i;

        // Generate the lookup table for hex dump paddings
        for (i = 0; i < HEXPADDING.length; i++) {
            int padding = HEXPADDING.length - i;
            StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(padding * 3);
            for (int j = 0; j < padding; j++) {
                buf.append("   ");
            }
            HEXPADDING[i] = buf.toString();
        }

        // Generate the lookup table for the start-offset header in each row (up to 64KiB).
        for (i = 0; i < HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES.length; i++) {
            StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(12);
            buf.append(NEWLINE);
            buf.append(Long.toHexString(i << 4 & 0xFFFFFFFFL | 0x100000000L));
            buf.setCharAt(buf.length() - 9, '|');
            buf.append('|');
            HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES[i] = buf.toString();
        }

        // Generate the lookup table for byte-to-hex-dump conversion
        for (i = 0; i < BYTE2HEX.length; i++) {
            BYTE2HEX[i] = ' ' + StringUtil.byteToHexStringPadded(i);
        }

        // Generate the lookup table for byte dump paddings
        for (i = 0; i < BYTEPADDING.length; i++) {
            int padding = BYTEPADDING.length - i;
            StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(padding);
            for (int j = 0; j < padding; j++) {
                buf.append(' ');
            }
            BYTEPADDING[i] = buf.toString();
        }

        // Generate the lookup table for byte-to-char conversion
        for (i = 0; i < BYTE2CHAR.length; i++) {
            if (i <= 0x1f || i >= 0x7f) {
                BYTE2CHAR[i] = '.';
            } else {
                BYTE2CHAR[i] = (char) i;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 打印所有内容
     * @param buffer
     */
    public static void debugAll(ByteBuffer buffer) {
        int oldlimit = buffer.limit();
        buffer.limit(buffer.capacity());
        StringBuilder origin = new StringBuilder(256);
        appendPrettyHexDump(origin, buffer, 0, buffer.capacity());
        System.out.println("+--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+");
        System.out.printf("position: [%d], limit: [%d]\n", buffer.position(), oldlimit);
        System.out.println(origin);
        buffer.limit(oldlimit);
    }

    /**
     * 打印可读取内容
     * @param buffer
     */
    public static void debugRead(ByteBuffer buffer) {
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(256);
        appendPrettyHexDump(builder, buffer, buffer.position(), buffer.limit() - buffer.position());
        System.out.println("+--------+-------------------- read -----------------------+----------------+");
        System.out.printf("position: [%d], limit: [%d]\n", buffer.position(), buffer.limit());
        System.out.println(builder);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(10);
        buffer.put(new byte[]{97, 98, 99, 100});
        debugAll(buffer);
    }

    private static void appendPrettyHexDump(StringBuilder dump, ByteBuffer buf, int offset, int length) {
        if (isOutOfBounds(offset, length, buf.capacity())) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
                    "expected: " + "0 <= offset(" + offset + ") <= offset + length(" + length
                            + ") <= " + "buf.capacity(" + buf.capacity() + ')');
        }
        if (length == 0) {
            return;
        }
        dump.append(
                "         +-------------------------------------------------+" +
                        NEWLINE + "         |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |" +
                        NEWLINE + "+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+");

        final int startIndex = offset;
        final int fullRows = length >>> 4;
        final int remainder = length & 0xF;

        // Dump the rows which have 16 bytes.
        for (int row = 0; row < fullRows; row++) {
            int rowStartIndex = (row << 4) + startIndex;

            // Per-row prefix.
            appendHexDumpRowPrefix(dump, row, rowStartIndex);

            // Hex dump
            int rowEndIndex = rowStartIndex + 16;
            for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) {
                dump.append(BYTE2HEX[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
            }
            dump.append(" |");

            // ASCII dump
            for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) {
                dump.append(BYTE2CHAR[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
            }
            dump.append('|');
        }

        // Dump the last row which has less than 16 bytes.
        if (remainder != 0) {
            int rowStartIndex = (fullRows << 4) + startIndex;
            appendHexDumpRowPrefix(dump, fullRows, rowStartIndex);

            // Hex dump
            int rowEndIndex = rowStartIndex + remainder;
            for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) {
                dump.append(BYTE2HEX[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
            }
            dump.append(HEXPADDING[remainder]);
            dump.append(" |");

            // Ascii dump
            for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) {
                dump.append(BYTE2CHAR[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
            }
            dump.append(BYTEPADDING[remainder]);
            dump.append('|');
        }

        dump.append(NEWLINE +
                "+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+");
    }

    private static void appendHexDumpRowPrefix(StringBuilder dump, int row, int rowStartIndex) {
        if (row < HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES.length) {
            dump.append(HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES[row]);
        } else {
            dump.append(NEWLINE);
            dump.append(Long.toHexString(rowStartIndex & 0xFFFFFFFFL | 0x100000000L));
            dump.setCharAt(dump.length() - 9, '|');
            dump.append('|');
        }
    }

    public static short getUnsignedByte(ByteBuffer buffer, int index) {
        return (short) (buffer.get(index) & 0xFF);
    }
}

• 输出结果