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532. K-diff Pairs in an Array 数组中的 k-diff 数对

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题目地址:https://leetcode.com/problems/k-diff-pairs-in-an-array/description/

题目描述

Given an array of integers and an integer k, you need to find the number of unique k-diff pairs in the array. Here a k-diff pair is defined as an integer pair (i, j), where i and j are both numbers in the array and their absolute difference is k.

Example 1:

Input: [3, 1, 4, 1, 5], k = 2
Output: 2
Explanation: There are two 2-diff pairs in the array, (1, 3) and (3, 5).
Although we have two 1s in the input, we should only return the number of unique pairs.

Example 2:

Input:[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], k = 1
Output: 4
Explanation: There are four 1-diff pairs in the array, (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4) and (4, 5).

Example 3:

Input: [1, 3, 1, 5, 4], k = 0
Output: 1
Explanation: There is one 0-diff pair in the array, (1, 1).

Note:

1、 Thepairs(i,j)and(j,i)countasthesamepair.;
2、 Thelengthofthearraywon'texceed10,000.;
3、 Alltheintegersinthegiveninputbelongtotherange:[-1e7,1e7].;

题目大意

找出一个数组中有多少对数,使得这对数差的绝对值等于k。相同的一对数字只计算一次。

解题方法

字典

遇到数组中某数的和或者差在不在数组中都是用字典去算啊!这个题使用字典和set就能求出有多少个差为k的了,set能保证不重复计算相同的元素。

import collections
class Solution(object):
    def findPairs(self, nums, k):
        """
        :type nums: List[int]
        :type k: int
        :rtype: int
        """
        answer = 0
        counter = collections.Counter(nums)
        for num in set(nums):
            if k > 0 and num + k in counter:
                answer += 1
            if k == 0 and counter[num] > 1:
                answer += 1
        return answer

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二刷的时候,同样地使用字典,只不过是先对k进行了一个判断,这样当k是正数的时候,直接用set就解决了。所以这个速度打败了100%的提交。

class Solution(object):
    def findPairs(self, nums, k):
        """
        :type nums: List[int]
        :type k: int
        :rtype: int
        """
        res = 0
        if k < 0: return 0
        elif k == 0:
            count = collections.Counter(nums)
            for n, v in count.items():
                if v >= 2:
                    res += 1
            return res
        else:
            nums = set(nums)
            for num in nums:
                if num + k in nums:
                    res += 1
            return res

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C++版本的代码如下:

class Solution {
public:
    int findPairs(vector<int>& nums, int k) {
        unordered_map<int, int> m;
        for (int num : nums) {
            m[num]++;
        }
        int res = 0;
        for (const auto &it : m) {
            if (k == 0 && it.second >= 2) {
                res ++;
            } else if (k > 0 && m.count(it.first + k)) {
                res ++;
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

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