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本文关键词:LeetCode,力扣,算法,算法题,外观数列,Count and Say,刷题群
题目地址:https://leetcode.com/problems/count-and-say/#/descriptionopen in new window
Thecount-and-say sequence is the sequence of integers with the first five terms as following:
1. 1
2. 11
3. 21
4. 1211
5. 111221
1
is read off as "one 1"
or 11
. 11
is read off as "two 1s"
or 21
. 21
is read off as "one 2, then one 1"
or 1211
.
Given an integer n where 1 ≤ n ≤ 30, generate the nth term of the count-and-say sequence.
Note: Each term of the sequence of integers will be represented as a string.
Example 1:
Input: 1
Output: "1"
Example 2:
Input: 4
Output: "1211"
统计连续字符出现的次数,说出这个字符是什么。把一个串就这么统计并且说出来。现在要知道第n个串说出来。
两重循环的思路是:
Java 代码如下:
public class Solution {
public String countAndSay(int n) {
StringBuilder ans = new StringBuilder("1");
StringBuilder prev;
int count;
char say;
for(int i = 1; i < n; i++){
prev = ans;
ans = new StringBuilder();
count = 1;
say = prev.charAt(0);
for(int j = 1; j < prev.length(); j++){
if(say != prev.charAt(j)){
ans.append(count).append(say);
count = 1;
say = prev.charAt(j);
}else{
count++;
}
}
ans.append(count).append(say);
}
return ans.toString();
}
}
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python 代码如下:
class Solution(object):
def countAndSay(self, n):
"""
:type n: int
:rtype: str
"""
res = "1"
for i in range(n - 1):
prev = res[0]
count = 1
ans = ""
for j in range(1, len(res)):
cur = res[j]
if prev != cur:
ans = ans + str(count) + str(prev)
prev = cur
count = 0
count += 1
res = ans + str(count) + str(prev)
return res
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其实,按照题目描述的话,我们最容易想到的应该就是递归解法。
题目描述是:
这个意思就是想求 countAndSay(n)
的话,必须先求 countAndSay(n-1)
,这就是标准的递归。
使用递归求解,一定不要用大脑去模拟递归的过程。大脑能压几个栈?
正确的做法是:记住递归函数的定义。比如本题中的递归函数 countAndSay(int n)
含义是当取值为 n 时的外观数列。
那么,必须先求出取值为 n−1 时的外观数列,怎么求?根据递归函数的定义,就是 countAndSay(n - 1)
。至于 countAndSay(n - 1)
怎么算的,我们不用管。只要知道这个函数能给我们正确的结果就行。
我在下面的代码把 countAndSay(n - 1)
的结果即为 before
,然后统计了 before
中各个数字出现的次数,就是取值为 n 时的外观数列。
C++代码如下:
class Solution {
public:
string countAndSay(int n) {
if (n == 1) {
return "1";
}
string before = countAndSay(n - 1);
string res;
char cur = before[0];
int count = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < before.size(); ++i) {
if (before[i] != cur) {
res += to_string(count) + cur;
cur = before[i];
count = 0;
}
count ++;
}
res += to_string(count) + cur;
return res;
}
};
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