python - Django Channels - Websocket 连接失败

Question

我目前正在尝试设置我的 Django Channels 聊天应用程序，并且我已经按照我的理解遵循了文档 - 显然，当出现问题时，总会有解决方案，但我只是在解决问题时遇到了困难我在使它起作用的地方出了问题。

到目前为止，我已经安装了 Django Channels，在 settings.py 中正确配置了我的 channel_layer，我引用了文档和其他在线教程来创建我的 consumer.py 文件、utils.py、views.py 和 chat.html 模板文件.

我还配置了 nginx、gunicorn、daphne 和 redis，我可以确认所有这些服务都在运行。我已经安装了 LetsEncrypt 并允许使用 SSL 端口(443 用于 https 连接)。

我目前正在这样的实时生产服务器上访问我的 Django 网站:https://mydomain:8001 并且我聊天的直接链接配置为 https://mydomain:8001/messenger

(我已经允许端口 8001 通过我的防火墙)

以下是我从聊天页面收到的状态消息:

SUCCESS {response: "Successfully got the chat.", chatroom_id: 1}chatroom_id: 1response: "Successfully got the chat."__proto__: Object
(index):303 setupWebSocket: 1
(index):371 ChatSocket connecting..
WebSocket connection to 'wss://www.<mydomain>.com:8001/messenger/1/' failed: 
setupWebSocket @ (index):317
success @ (index):389
c @ jquery.min.js
fireWith @ jquery.min.js
l @ jquery.min.js
(anonymous) @ jquery.min.js
ChatSocket error Event {isTrusted: true, type: "error", target: WebSocket, currentTarget: WebSocket, eventPhase: 2, …}bubbles: falsecancelBubble: falsecancelable: falsecomposed: falsecurrentTarget: WebSocket {url: "wss://<mydomain>:8001/messenger/1/", readyState: 3, bufferedAmount: 0, onopen: null, onOpen: ƒ, …}defaultPrevented: falseeventPhase: 0isTrusted: truepath: []returnValue: truesrcElement: WebSocket {url: "wss://<mydomain>:8001/messenger/1/", readyState: 3, bufferedAmount: 0, onopen: null, onOpen: ƒ, …}target: WebSocket {url: "wss://<mydomain>:8001/messenger/1/", readyState: 3, bufferedAmount: 0, onopen: null, onOpen: ƒ, …}timeStamp: 43973.62500001327type: "error"__proto__: Event
(index):357 Chat socket closed.

如果您能帮助解决此问题，我们将不胜感激。如果您可以建议您应该更喜欢查看哪些文件，我会很乐意使用我的聊天应用程序请求的任何文件的内容来更新我的问题。 :-)

谢谢!

文件内容:

nginx.conf

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name myapp mydomain.com www.mydomain.com;

    location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
    location /static/ {
        root /home/myapp;
    }

    location / {
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_pass http://unix:/home/myapp/myapp.sock;
    }
    
    location /ws/ {
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
        proxy_redirect off;
        proxy_pass https://127.0.0.1:8001;
    }
    
    location /wss/ {
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
                proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8001;
                proxy_http_version 1.1;
                proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
                proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
        }
}

路由.py

from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from channels.security.websocket import AllowedHostsOriginValidator
from django.urls import path, re_path

from messenger.consumers import ChatConsumer


application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
    'websocket': AllowedHostsOriginValidator(
        AuthMiddlewareStack(
            URLRouter([
                
                    path('messenger/<room_id>/', ChatConsumer),
                    
            ])
        )
    ),
})

settings.py

CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
    'default': {
        'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',
        'CONFIG': {
            "hosts": [('127.0.0.1', 6379)],
        },
    },
}

我在控制台中收到错误:(index):317 WebSocket connection to 'wss://www.mydomain.com:8001/messenger/1/' failed:

(在上面写着 mydomain.com 的地方，我的实际域名是在那里输入的 :)

来自 journalctl 的最新 Daphne 日志

Jun 21 14:22:56 myhostname.com python3[36088]: 2021-06-21 14:22:56,576 INFO     Starting server at ssl:8001:privateKey=/etc/letsencrypt/live/mydomain.com/privkey.pem:certKey=/etc/let>
Jun 21 14:22:56 myhostname.com python3[36088]: 2021-06-21 14:22:56,576 INFO     HTTP/2 support not enabled (install the http2 and tls Twisted extras)
Jun 21 14:22:56 myhostname.com python3[36088]: 2021-06-21 14:22:56,577 INFO     Configuring endpoint ssl:8001:privateKey=/etc/letsencrypt/live/mydomain.com/privkey.pem:certKey=/etc/l>
Jun 21 14:22:56 myhostname.com python3[36088]: 2021-06-21 14:22:56,584 INFO     Listening on TCP address 0.0.0.0:8001

Daphne 日志中的错误

Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]: Traceback (most myhostname.com python3[36088]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels/routing.py", line 71, in __call__
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:     return await application(scope, receive, send)
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels/security/websocket.py", line 37, in __call__
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:     return await self.application(scope, send, receive)
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels/sessions.py", line 47, in __call__
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:     return await self.inner(dict(scope, cookies=cookies), receive, send)
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels/sessions.py", line 254, in __call__
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:     return await self.inner(wrapper.scope, receive, wrapper.send)
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels/auth.py", line 181, in __call__
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:     return await super().__call__(scope, receive, send)
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels/middleware.py", line 26, in __call__
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:     return await self.inner(scope, receive, send)
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels/routing.py", line 160, in __call__
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:     send,
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/asgiref/compatibility.py", line 33, in new_application
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:     instance = application(scope)
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels/generic/websocket.py", line 159, in __init__
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]:     super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
Jun 21 14:38:51 myhostname.com python3[36088]: TypeError: object.__init__() takes no parameters

Answer 1

我认为问题出在配置上。在 nginx 中，你必须指定 URL 前缀，而不是协议(protocol)，也不需要同时添加 ws和 wss . nginx 配置必须类似于此

location /ws/ {
    proxy_set_header Host               $http_host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP          $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For    $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host   $server_name;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto  $scheme;
    proxy_set_header X-Url-Scheme       $scheme;
    proxy_redirect off;

    proxy_http_version 1.1;
    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
    proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;

    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8001;
}

因此，要通过 Websocket 协议(protocol)进行连接，您必须访问 wss://www.<mydomain>.com:8001/ws/ 下的内容.为此，您的 asgi 路由还必须包含 ws字首。另外，您应该使用 as_asgi()在消费者身上。 ( https://channels.readthedocs.io/en/stable/topics/routing.html )

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
    'websocket': AllowedHostsOriginValidator(
        AuthMiddlewareStack(
            URLRouter([
                    path('ws/messenger/<room_id>/', ChatConsumer.as_asgi()), 
            ])
        )
    ),
})

现在您应该能够连接到 wss://www.<mydomain>.com:8001/ws/messenger/1/ (不要忘记 ws!)。