verilog - always_comb 构造的 Systemverilog 问题

Question

我对这段 SystemVerilog 代码有疑问。这是代码:

module mult ( multiplicand, multiplier, Product, clk, clear, Startm, endm );

input [31:0] multiplicand;
input [31:0] multiplier  ;
input clk;
input clear; 
input Startm;

output logic [63:0] Product;
output logic endm;


enum logic [1:0] { inicio, multiplicar, nao_multiplicar, fim } estados;
logic [1:0] state;

logic [31:0] mplier;
logic [31:0] mplier_aux;
logic [31:0] mcand ;
logic [31:0] mcand_aux;
logic [63:0] Prod  ;
logic [63:0] Prod_aux;
logic [5:0] cont;
logic [5:0] cont_aux;

initial begin
    mplier     = multiplier;
    mplier_aux = multiplier;
    mcand     = multiplicand;
    mcand_aux = multiplicand;
    Prod      = 0;
    Prod_aux  = 0;
    state     = inicio;
    cont      = 0;
    cont_aux  = 0; 
end

always_ff @( posedge clk )
begin
    if( clear ) 
    begin
        state <= inicio;
    end
    else if ( Startm )
    begin
        case( state )
        inicio :
        begin
                    if( mplier[0] == 0 )
                    begin
                        state <= nao_multiplicar;
                    end
                    else if( mplier[0] == 1 )
                    begin
                        state <= multiplicar;
                    end
        end
        multiplicar :
        begin
                    if( cont == 32 )
                        state <= fim;
                    else if( mplier[0] == 0 )
                    begin
                        state <= nao_multiplicar;
                    end
                    else if( mplier[0] == 1 )
                    begin
                        state <= multiplicar;
                    end
        end
        nao_multiplicar:
        begin
                    if( cont == 32 )
                        state <= fim;
                    else if( mplier[0] == 0 )
                    begin
                        state <= nao_multiplicar;
                    end
                    else if( mplier[0] == 1 )
                    begin
                        state <= multiplicar;
                    end
        end
        fim:
        begin
                    state <= inicio;
        end
        endcase
    end
end
    always_comb
    begin
        case(state)
        inicio:
        begin
                    mplier = multiplier;
                    mcand  = multiplicand;
                    Prod   = 0;
                    cont_aux = cont + 1;
                    cont = cont_aux;
        end
        multiplicar:
        begin   
                    mcand_aux  = mcand  << 1;
                    mcand      = mcand_aux  ;
                    mplier_aux = mplier >> 1;
                    mplier     = mplier_aux ;
                    Prod_aux   = Prod + mcand;
                    Prod       = Prod_aux;
                    cont_aux   = cont + 1;
                    cont       = cont_aux;
        end
        nao_multiplicar:
        begin
                    cont_aux = cont + 1;
                    cont     = cont_aux;
        end
        fim:
        begin
                    Product = Prod;
                    endm    = 1;
        end
        endcase
    end     
endmodule

我正在尝试使用 32 位输入和 64 位乘积编写一个乘法器布斯算法。发生此错误:

always_comb construct does not infer purely combinational logic

为什么会这样？

Answer 1

在always block 中描述组合逻辑时，您必须确保所有变量都已分配给代码中所有路径中的值。否则将推断出闩锁。在传统的 always block 中很容易遗漏这样的东西，因此在 SystemVerilog 中引入了 always_comb block 来明确检查这一点。

在你的例子中，你有一些总线在 case 语句的每个分支中都没有赋值，例如 mcand 在分支 nao_multipcar 中没有赋值 和 fim。

有两种解决方案。首先是分配给所有代码分支中的所有变量。

另一种解决方案是在 case 语句之前为 always_comb 中的所有变量写入“默认”值。这样，每次 always_comb block 触发时，每个变量总是会被赋值，并且不会有警告。你的case语句然后只需要处理需要改变的变量:

always_comb
begin
    // Defaults (I think I got them all)
    mplier     = multiplier;
    mcand      = multiplicand;
    Prod_aux   = 0;
    Prod       = 0;
    cont_aux   = 0;
    cont       = 0;
    Product    = 0;
    endm       = 0;

    // Now override the defaults when appropriate
    case(state)
    inicio:
    begin
                mplier = multiplier;
                mcand  = multiplicand;
                Prod   = 0;
                cont_aux = cont + 1;
                cont = cont_aux;
    end
    multiplicar:
    begin   
                mcand_aux  = mcand  << 1;
                mcand      = mcand_aux  ;
                mplier_aux = mplier >> 1;
                mplier     = mplier_aux ;
                Prod_aux   = Prod + mcand;
                Prod       = Prod_aux;
                cont_aux   = cont + 1;
                cont       = cont_aux;
    end
    nao_multiplicar:
    begin
                cont_aux = cont + 1;
                cont     = cont_aux;
    end
    fim:
    begin
                Product = Prod;
                endm    = 1;
    end
    endcase
end