php - =$1 在 url 重写中是什么意思？

Question

我无法在 stackoverflow 或 google 上找到有关 =$1 含义的任何信息。我得到了肤浅的信息，但对像我这样的初学者来说一无所获。它有什么作用？

如果我有这样的东西:

www.website.com/profile.php?simon

名字 simon 是否对应于 $1 变量以及为什么是 1？

我是这样理解的:

• (.*) profile/profile.php?id=$1

粗体对应:

• www.website.com/profile.php?id=simon

重写后变成:

• www.website.com/profile/simon

我是不是漏掉了什么？

编辑:

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}.php -f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}.php -d
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /profile/index.php?id=$1

这个有变化吗

localhost/test/index.php?philip到:本地主机/测试/配置文件/菲利普

我尝试输入网址，但失败了。我了解正则表达式的作用，但不知何故我完全混淆了替换的工作原理。

Answer 1

反向引用:

RewriteRule ^.*$ /?id=$1

$1 为空

RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /?id=$1

$1 将是 .* 匹配的任何内容

RewriteRule ^(a|b|c)/(d|e|f)$ /?id=$1-$2

$1 将是“a”、“b”或“c”，具体取决于哪个匹配，$2 将是“d”、“e”或“f”，具体取决于哪一个匹配。

参见:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/rewrite/intro.html#regex

One important thing here has to be remembered: Whenever you use parentheses in Pattern or in one of the CondPattern, back-references are internally created which can be used with the strings $N and %N (see below). These are available for creating the Substitution parameter of a RewriteRule or the TestString parameter of a RewriteCond.

Captures in the RewriteRule patterns are (counterintuitively) available to all preceding RewriteCond directives, because the RewriteRule expression is evaluated before the individual conditions.

Figure 1 shows to which locations the back-references are transferred for expansion as well as illustrating the flow of the RewriteRule, RewriteCond matching. In the next chapters, we will be exploring how to use these back-references, so do not fret if it seems a bit alien to you at first.

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Does this change

localhost/test/index.php?philip to: localhost/test/profile/philip

不，它将 localhost/test/profile/philip 更改为 localhost/profile/index.php?id=philip。假设该规则位于您的“配置文件”目录中的 htaccess 文件中，则:

1. 浏览器输入或点击链接:localhost/test/profile/philip
2. 请求发送到本地主机:/test/profile/philip
3. 请求通过 apache 的处理管道并对其应用 mod_rewrite，请求被截断为 philip
4. 假设 philip 既不是目录也不是文件，规则将 (.*) 匹配到它，并捕获字符串 philip
5. 然后规则将请求重写到/profile/index.php?id=philip