visual-studio - 指定的 LocalDB 实例名称无效 : Able to create migrations but not run them

Question

我创建了一个新的 XAF Blazor 解决方案并能够运行它来创建数据库。然后我根据 this question 添加了一个数据库迁移但是，当我从包管理器中运行迁移时，我得到了

Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlException (0x80131904): A network-related or instance-specific error occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. The server was not found or was not accessible. Verify that the instance name is correct and that SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections. (provider: SNI_PN11, error: 50 - Local Database Runtime error occurred. Specified LocalDB instance name is invalid.
)
 ---> System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception (0x89C5011B): Unknown error (0x89c5011b)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, Boolean breakConnection, Action`1 wrapCloseInAction)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.ThrowExceptionAndWarning(TdsParserStateObject stateObj, Boolean callerHasConnectionLock, Boolean asyncClose)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.Connect(ServerInfo serverInfo, SqlInternalConnectionTds connHandler, Boolean ignoreSniOpenTimeout, Int64 timerExpire, Boolean encrypt, Boolean trustServerCert, Boolean integratedSecurity, Boolean withFailover, SqlAuthenticationMethod authType)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.AttemptOneLogin(ServerInfo serverInfo, String newPassword, SecureString newSecurePassword, Boolean ignoreSniOpenTimeout, TimeoutTimer timeout, Boolean withFailover)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.LoginNoFailover(ServerInfo serverInfo, String newPassword, SecureString newSecurePassword, Boolean redirectedUserInstance, SqlConnectionString connectionOptions, SqlCredential credential, TimeoutTimer timeout)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.OpenLoginEnlist(TimeoutTimer timeout, SqlConnectionString connectionOptions, SqlCredential credential, String newPassword, SecureString newSecurePassword, Boolean redirectedUserInstance)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds..ctor(DbConnectionPoolIdentity identity, SqlConnectionString connectionOptions, SqlCredential credential, Object providerInfo, String newPassword, SecureString newSecurePassword, Boolean redirectedUserInstance, SqlConnectionString userConnectionOptions, SessionData reconnectSessionData, Boolean applyTransientFaultHandling, String accessToken, DbConnectionPool pool)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionFactory.CreateConnection(DbConnectionOptions options, DbConnectionPoolKey poolKey, Object poolGroupProviderInfo, DbConnectionPool pool, DbConnection owningConnection, DbConnectionOptions userOptions)
   at Microsoft.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionFactory.CreateNonPooledConnection(DbConnection owningConnection, DbConnectionPoolGroup poolGroup, DbConnectionOptions userOptions)
   at Microsoft.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionFactory.TryGetConnection(DbConnection owningConnection, TaskCompletionSource`1 retry, DbConnectionOptions userOptions, DbConnectionInternal oldConnection, DbConnectionInternal& connection)
   at Microsoft.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionInternal.TryOpenConnectionInternal(DbConnection outerConnection, DbConnectionFactory connectionFactory, TaskCompletionSource`1 retry, DbConnectionOptions userOptions)
   at Microsoft.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionClosed.TryOpenConnection(DbConnection outerConnection, DbConnectionFactory connectionFactory, TaskCompletionSource`1 retry, DbConnectionOptions userOptions)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection.TryOpen(TaskCompletionSource`1 retry, SqlConnectionOverrides overrides)
   at Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection.Open(SqlConnectionOverrides overrides)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer.Storage.Internal.SqlServerConnection.OpenDbConnection(Boolean errorsExpected)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Storage.RelationalConnection.OpenInternal(Boolean errorsExpected)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Storage.RelationalConnection.Open(Boolean errorsExpected)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer.Storage.Internal.SqlServerDatabaseCreator.<>c__DisplayClass18_0.<Exists>b__0(DateTime giveUp)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.ExecutionStrategyExtensions.<>c__DisplayClass12_0`2.<Execute>b__0(DbContext c, TState s)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer.Storage.Internal.SqlServerExecutionStrategy.Execute[TState,TResult](TState state, Func`3 operation, Func`3 verifySucceeded)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.ExecutionStrategyExtensions.Execute[TState,TResult](IExecutionStrategy strategy, TState state, Func`2 operation, Func`2 verifySucceeded)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.ExecutionStrategyExtensions.Execute[TState,TResult](IExecutionStrategy strategy, TState state, Func`2 operation)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer.Storage.Internal.SqlServerDatabaseCreator.Exists(Boolean retryOnNotExists)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer.Storage.Internal.SqlServerDatabaseCreator.Exists()
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations.HistoryRepository.Exists()
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations.Internal.Migrator.Migrate(String targetMigration)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design.Internal.MigrationsOperations.UpdateDatabase(String targetMigration, String connectionString, String contextType)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design.OperationExecutor.UpdateDatabaseImpl(String targetMigration, String connectionString, String contextType)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design.OperationExecutor.UpdateDatabase.<>c__DisplayClass0_0.<.ctor>b__0()
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design.OperationExecutor.OperationBase.Execute(Action action)
ClientConnectionId:00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
Error Number:-1983577829,State:0,Class:20
A network-related or instance-specific error occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. The server was not found or was not accessible. Verify that the instance name is correct and that SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections. 
(provider: SNI_PN11, error: 50 - Local Database Runtime error occurred. Specified LocalDB instance name is invalid.
)

这个问题不是 this question about connecting to SQL Server 的重复问题因为程序可以在我创建迁移之前访问数据库。

[更新]

代码是

    using DevExpress.ExpressApp.EFCore.Updating;
    using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
    using DevExpress.Persistent.BaseImpl.EF.PermissionPolicy;
    using DevExpress.Persistent.BaseImpl.EF;
    using DevExpress.ExpressApp.Design;
    using DevExpress.ExpressApp.EFCore.DesignTime;
    using DevExpress.Persistent.Base;
    using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design;
    namespace ExamBuddy.Module.BusinessObjects {
        public class ExamBuddyContextInitializer : DbContextTypesInfoInitializerBase {
            protected override DbContext CreateDbContext() {
                var builder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<ExamBuddyEFCoreDbContext>()
                    .UseSqlServer(@";");
                return new ExamBuddyEFCoreDbContext(builder.Options);
            }
        }
        public class ExamBuddyContextFactory : IDesignTimeDbContextFactory<ExamBuddyEFCoreDbContext>
        {
            public ExamBuddyEFCoreDbContext CreateDbContext(string[] args)
            {
                var optionsBuilder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<ExamBuddyEFCoreDbContext>();
                optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(@"Integrated Security=SSPI;MultipleActiveResultSets=true;Pooling=false;Data Source=(localdb)\\mssqllocaldb;Initial Catalog=ExamBuddy;ConnectRetryCount=0;");
                return new ExamBuddyEFCoreDbContext(optionsBuilder.Options);
            }
        }
        [TypesInfoInitializer(typeof(ExamBuddyContextInitializer))]
        public class ExamBuddyEFCoreDbContext : DbContext {
            public ExamBuddyEFCoreDbContext(DbContextOptions<ExamBuddyEFCoreDbContext> options) : base(options) {
                 
            }
            public DbSet<ModuleInfo> ModulesInfo { get; set; }
            public DbSet<ModelDifference> ModelDifferences { get; set; }
            public DbSet<ModelDifferenceAspect> ModelDifferenceAspects { get; set; }
            public DbSet<PermissionPolicyRole> Roles { get; set; }
            public DbSet<PermissionPolicyRoleBase> RolesBase { get; set; }
            public DbSet<PermissionPolicyUser> Users { get; set; }
        }

[更新]

我尝试注释掉 Dev Express TypesInfoInitializer 属性我尝试添加以下内容，但它没有执行(错误不会抛出)，而如果我在 IDesignTimeDbContextFactory 方法中添加错误，它将抛出

public class MigrationsContextFactory : IDbContextFactory<ExamBuddyEFCoreDbContext>
{
    public ExamBuddyEFCoreDbContext CreateDbContext()
    {
        throw new Exception("In Migration Context");
        var optionsBuilder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<ExamBuddyEFCoreDbContext>();
        optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(@"Integrated Security=SSPI;MultipleActiveResultSets=true;Pooling=false;Data Source=(localdb)\\mssqllocaldb;Initial Catalog=ExamBuddy;ConnectRetryCount=0;");
        return new ExamBuddyEFCoreDbContext(optionsBuilder.Options);
    }
}

ExamBuddyContextFactory 方法执行

[更新]

当我编辑连接字符串以仅使用 1 个反斜杠时，我在 Visual Studio 2019 中看到以下消息

因此迁移将在连接字符串中生成带有双反斜杠的内容，但不会运行。

Answer 1

异常信息告诉你问题所在

Specified LocalDB instance name is invalid

无效部分是C# verbatim string literal 内的(localdb)\\mssqllocaldb 中的双反斜杠

optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(
    @"Data Source=(localdb)\\mssqllocaldb;Integrated Security=SSPI;MultipleActiveResultSets=true;Pooling=false;Initial Catalog=ExamBuddy;ConnectRetryCount=0;");
//  ^                       ^

实际名称是 (localdb)\mssqllocaldb(单反斜杠)，因此要么更正它，要么删除逐字字符串前缀 @。

这些只是标准的C#字符串规则，没有什么特别需要讨论的。那为什么

Able to create migrations but not run them?

这是因为 Add-Migration 命令不会尝试连接到数据库，并且数据库连接仅在需要时才延迟初始化，因此未检测到无效的连接字符串。该命令仍需要创建 DbContext 实例才能访问 model ，并且必须为特定的数据库提供程序类型 配置上下文(因为 EF Core 为每个数据库提供程序类型创建了单独的模型)，但除此之外它与实际数据库无关。

但是 Update-Database 命令显然需要数据库连接，以及 Remove-Migration 命令需要检查迁移是否已经应用。这就是为什么这些命令失败而 Add-Migration 成功的原因。

您可以通过提供伪造的无效连接字符串来轻松验证

optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer("Blah")'

并观察与 OP 中完全相同的行为。