swift - AnyHashable 作为 AnyEquatable 的替代品

Question

我需要比较符合协议(protocol) P 的结构数组。

P 不能符合 Equatable，因为它不能有“ self 要求”。

正在创建 AnyEquatable作为类型删除是为此目的的常见做法。但是，AnyHashable 已经是标准库的一部分，并且符合 Equatable。

我想知道 AnyEquatable 不是标准库的一部分是不是有充分的理由。是否应该使用标准 AnyHashable 而不是 AnyEquatable？

Answer 1

AnyHashable包装了一堆通用功能。 AnyEquatable 没有；它的作用可以用一个闭包来表示。

let cupcake = "🧁"
let notCake = 0xca_e

let cupcakeEquals: (Any) -> Bool = try cupcake.getEquals()
XCTAssert( cupcakeEquals(cupcake) )
XCTAssertFalse( cupcakeEquals(notCake) )

let notCakeEquals = try notCake.getEquals(Any.self)
XCTAssert( notCakeEquals(notCake) )
XCTAssertFalse( notCakeEquals(cupcake) )

XCTAssertThrowsError( try cupcake.getEquals(Int.self) )

public extension Equatable {
  /// A closure that equates another instance to this intance.
  /// - Parameters:
  ///   - _: Use the metatype for `Castable` to avoid explicit typing.
  /// - Throws: `CastError.impossible` if a `Castable` can't be cast to `Self`.
  func getEquals<Castable>(_: Castable.Type = Castable.self) throws -> (Castable) -> Bool {
    if let error = CastError(self, desired: Castable.self)
    { throw error }

    return { self == $0 as? Self }
  }
}

/// An error that represents casting gone wrong. 🧙‍♀️🙀
public enum CastError: Error {
  /// An undesired cast is possible.
  case possible

  /// An desired cast is not possible.
  case impossible
}

public extension CastError {
  /// `nil` if  an `Instance` can be cast to `Desired`. Otherwise, `.impossible`.
  init?<Instance, Desired>(_: Instance, desired _: Desired.Type) {
    self.init(Instance.self, desired: Desired.self)
  }

  /// `nil` if  a `Source` can be cast to `Desired`. Otherwise, `.impossible`.
  init?<Source, Desired>(_: Source.Type, desired _: Desired.Type) {
    if Source.self is Desired.Type
    { return nil }

    self = .impossible
  }

  /// `nil` if  an `Instance` cannot be cast to `Undesired`. Otherwise, `.possible`.
  init?<Instance, Undesired>(_: Instance, undesired _: Undesired.Type) {
    self.init(Instance.self, undesired: Undesired.self)
  }

  /// `nil` if  a `Source` cannot be cast to `Undesired`. Otherwise, `.possible`.
  init?<Source, Undesired>(_: Source.Type, undesired _: Undesired.Type) {
    guard Source.self is Undesired.Type
    else { return nil }

    self = .possible
  }
}

您可以包装它，以符合 Equatable，Cast 为 Any。有用例吗？

/// A type-erased equatable value.
///
/// An `Equatable` instance is stored as a "`Cast`".
/// Only instances that can be cast to that type can be `==`'d with the `AnyEquatable`.
public struct AnyEquatable<Cast> {
  public init<Equatable: Swift.Equatable>(_ equatable: Equatable) throws {
    equals = try equatable.getEquals()
    cast = equatable as! Cast
  }

  private let equals: (Cast) -> Bool
  private let cast: Cast
}

extension AnyEquatable: Equatable {
  public static func == (equatable0: Self, equatable1: Self) -> Bool {
    equatable0 == equatable1.cast
  }
}

public extension AnyEquatable {
  static func == (equatable: Self, castable: Cast) -> Bool {
    equatable.equals(castable)
  }

  static func == (castable: Cast, equatable: Self) -> Bool {
    equatable.equals(castable)
  }
}

let anyEquatable = try AnyEquatable<Any>(cupcake)
XCTAssertEqual( anyEquatable, try .init(cupcake) )
XCTAssert(anyEquatable == cupcake)
XCTAssertFalse(notCake == anyEquatable)