django - 测试 : TypeError: expected str, 字节或 os.PathLike 对象，而不是 NoneType

Question

我正在测试用户的创建，但由于给出的错误 TypeError: expected str, bytes or os.PathLike object, not NoneType，测试没有达到失败的测试。

我在使用 AbstractUser 时使用 pass 进行迁移，在 migrations/0001initial.py 文件中提供以下内容:

# Generated by Django 3.1.4 on 2021-07-12 15:00

import django.contrib.auth.models
import django.contrib.auth.validators
from django.db import migrations, models
import django.utils.timezone


class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    initial = True

    dependencies = [
        ('auth', '0012_alter_user_first_name_max_length'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.CreateModel(
            name='User',
            fields=[
                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
                ('password', models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='password')),
                ('last_login', models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='last login')),
                ('is_superuser', models.BooleanField(default=False, help_text='Designates that this user has all permissions without explicitly assigning them.', verbose_name='superuser status')),
                ('username', models.CharField(error_messages={'unique': 'A user with that username already exists.'}, help_text='Required. 150 characters or fewer. Letters, digits and @/./+/-/_ only.', max_length=150, unique=True, validators=[django.contrib.auth.validators.UnicodeUsernameValidator()], verbose_name='username')),
                ('first_name', models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=150, verbose_name='first name')),
                ('last_name', models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=150, verbose_name='last name')),
                ('email', models.EmailField(blank=True, max_length=254, verbose_name='email address')),
                ('is_staff', models.BooleanField(default=False, help_text='Designates whether the user can log into this admin site.', verbose_name='staff status')),
                ('is_active', models.BooleanField(default=True, help_text='Designates whether this user should be treated as active. Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.', verbose_name='active')),
                ('date_joined', models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now, verbose_name='date joined')),
                ('groups', models.ManyToManyField(blank=True, help_text='The groups this user belongs to. A user will get all permissions granted to each of their groups.', related_name='user_set', related_query_name='user', to='auth.Group', verbose_name='groups')),
                ('user_permissions', models.ManyToManyField(blank=True, help_text='Specific permissions for this user.', related_name='user_set', related_query_name='user', to='auth.Permission', verbose_name='user permissions')),
            ],
            options={
                'verbose_name': 'user',
                'verbose_name_plural': 'users',
                'abstract': False,
            },
            managers=[
                ('objects', django.contrib.auth.models.UserManager()),
            ],
        ),
    ]

我使用的测试用例如下:

from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
from rest_framework import status
from rest_framework.reverse import reverse
from rest_framework.test import APITestCase

PASSWORD = 'pAssw0rd!'


class AuthenticationTest(APITestCase):
    def test_user_can_sign_up(self):
        response = self.client.post(reverse('sign_up'), data={
            'username': 'user@example.com',
            'first_name': 'Test',
            'last_name': 'User',
            'password1': PASSWORD,
            'password2': PASSWORD,
        })
        user = get_user_model().objects.last()
        self.assertEqual(status.HTTP_201_CREATED, response.status_code)
        self.assertEqual(response.data['id'], user.id)
        self.assertEqual(response.data['username'], user.username)
        self.assertEqual(response.data['first_name'], user.first_name)
        self.assertEqual(response.data['last_name'], user.last_name)

所以当我运行 python manage.py test trips.tests 时，我得到了这个回溯错误:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/server/manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    main()
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/server/manage.py", line 18, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 401, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 395, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 23, in run_from_argv
    super().run_from_argv(argv)
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 330, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 371, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 53, in handle
    failures = test_runner.run_tests(test_labels)
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 693, in run_tests
    suite = self.build_suite(test_labels, extra_tests)
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 579, in build_suite
    tests = self.test_loader.discover(start_dir=label, **kwargs)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/unittest/loader.py", line 306, in discover
    os.path.dirname((the_module.__file__)))
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/posixpath.py", line 152, in dirname
    p = os.fspath(p)
TypeError: expected str, bytes or os.PathLike object, not NoneType

知道为什么它会抛出这个 NoneType 吗？

编辑:这是文件树

server
|-- manage.py
|-- trips
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- __pycache__
|   |   |-- __init__.cpython-39.pyc
|   |   |-- admin.cpython-39.pyc
|   |   `-- models.cpython-39.pyc
|   |-- admin.py
|   |-- apps.py
|   |-- migrations
|   |   |-- 0001_initial.py
|   |   |-- __init__.py
|   |   `-- __pycache__
|   |       |-- 0001_initial.cpython-39.pyc
|   |       `-- __init__.cpython-39.pyc
|   |-- models.py
|   |-- tests
|   |   `-- test_http.py
|   `-- views.py
`-- uber
    |-- __init__.py
    |-- __pycache__
    |   |-- __init__.cpython-39.pyc
    |   |-- routing.cpython-39.pyc
    |   |-- settings.cpython-39.pyc
    |   |-- urls.cpython-39.pyc
    |   `-- wsgi.cpython-39.pyc
    |-- asgi.py
    |-- routing.py
    |-- settings.py
    |-- urls.py
    `-- wsgi.py

编辑二:我在 tests 目录中丢失了 __init__py 文件。但是我仍然得到相同的错误和不同的回溯:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/server/manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    main()
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/server/manage.py", line 18, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 401, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 395, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 23, in run_from_argv
    super().run_from_argv(argv)
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 330, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 371, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 53, in handle
    failures = test_runner.run_tests(test_labels)
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 695, in run_tests
    old_config = self.setup_databases(aliases=databases)
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 614, in setup_databases
    return _setup_databases(
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/test/utils.py", line 157, in setup_databases
    test_databases, mirrored_aliases = get_unique_databases_and_mirrors(aliases)
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/test/utils.py", line 258, in get_unique_databases_and_mirrors
    default_sig = connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS].creation.test_db_signature()
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/creation.py", line 313, in test_db_signature
    self._get_test_db_name(),
  File "/Users/roddelaporte/Documents/code/uber/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/creation.py", line 171, in _get_test_db_name
    return TEST_DATABASE_PREFIX + self.connection.settings_dict['NAME']
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "NoneType") to str

Answer 1

产生错误是因为我忘记导出 Postgres 值，如下所示:

$ export PGDATABASE=dbname
$ export PGUSER=dbuser
$ export PGPASSWORD=dbpassword