python - 运行代码时 Pygame 没有响应

Question

出于某种原因，当我尝试运行贪吃蛇游戏时，它总是提示没有响应。它以前曾经工作过，但现在似乎已经停止了。它在 replit 中似乎也不起作用。我对 pygame 很陌生，所以我以前从未遇到过这个问题。我试过重新运行它并进行小的编辑，但到目前为止没有任何效果。为什么会这样，我该如何解决？

代码如下:

import random

# initialize pygame
pygame.init()

# defining colour variables using rgb
white = (255, 255, 255)
pink = (255, 158, 208)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (213, 50, 80)
yellow = (237, 255, 41)
blue = (50, 153, 213)

# screen width and height
WIN_WIDTH = 600
WIN_HEIGHT = 400
# set the window, valid arguments are width and height
WIN = pygame.display.set_mode((WIN_WIDTH, WIN_HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption('snake game')

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

# size the snake (rectangle)
snake_block = 10
# set the snakes velocity (speed)
VEL = 15

# define fonts, valid arguments are the font name and size
font_style = pygame.font.SysFont('bahnschrift', 25)
score_font = pygame.font.SysFont('impact', 30)


# score function
def score(score):
    text = score_font.render(' Score: ' + str(score), True, pink)  # create the score
    WIN.blit(text, [0, 0])  # using blit to add the text to the screen


# snake function, passing in snake block and snake list (see game loop)
def snake(snake_block, snake_list):
    for x in snake_list:
        pygame.draw.rect(WIN, black, [x[0], x[1], snake_block, snake_block])  # creating the snake rectangle


def message(msg, colour):
    msg = font_style.render(msg, True, colour)  # renders a font
    WIN.blit(msg, [WIN_WIDTH / 6, WIN_HEIGHT / 3])  # blits the msg coordinates


# main gameloop function
def gameLoop():
    # boolean variables
    game_over = False
    game_close = False

    # x and y variables for where the snake will be placed
    x1 = WIN_WIDTH / 2
    y1 = WIN_HEIGHT / 2

    # create x and y change variables to update the coordinates
    x1_change = 0
    y1_change = 0

    # creating an empty list for the snakes length
    snake_List = []
    Length_of_snake = 1
    # add a randomly placed rectangle that will act as the food (x, y)
    foodx = round(random.randrange(0, WIN_WIDTH - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
    foody = round(random.randrange(0, WIN_HEIGHT - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0

    # while the game isn't over
    while not game_over:
        # while game close is true
        while game_close:
            # turn the screen blue
            WIN.fill(blue)
            # add losing text
            message('You Lost! Press C to Play Again or Q to Quit', red)
            # sets the score for when you lost
            score(Length_of_snake - 1)
            pygame.display.update()

            # pygame events
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                    pygame.quit()  # making it so when the user clicks the x the game closes
                if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                    if event.key == pygame.K_q:  # same thing as the x in the corner, but you can press q
                        game_over = True
                        game_close = False
                    if event.key == pygame.K_c:  # replay the game
                        gameLoop()  # calls the main function (restarts)
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                    game_over = True
                if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:  # keydown is another event, for using the keyboard to do stuff
                    if event.key == pygame.K_a:  # if the a key is pressed, x1_change = -snake_block, which is equal to 10. this moves the rectangle to the left
                        x1_change = -snake_block
                        y1_change = 0
                    if event.key == pygame.K_d:  # if the d key is pressed, x1_change = snake_block, which is equal to 10. this moves the rectangle to the right
                        x1_change = snake_block
                        y1_change = 0
                    if event.key == pygame.K_w:  # if the w key is pressed, y1_change = -snake_block, which is equal to 10. this moves the rectangle up
                        y1_change = -snake_block
                        x1_change = 0
                    if event.key == pygame.K_s:  # if the s key is pressed, y1_change = snake_block, which is equal to 10. this moves the rectangle down
                        y1_change = snake_block
                        x1_change = 0

            if x1 >= WIN_WIDTH or x1 < 0 or y1 >= WIN_HEIGHT or y1 < 0:  # if the x or y positions of the snake go over the screen width or height
                game_close = True  # you lose
            x1 += x1_change
            y1 += y1_change
            WIN.fill(blue)
            pygame.draw.rect(WIN, yellow, [foodx, foody, snake_block, snake_block])
            snake_Head = []  # create a snake head empty list
            snake_Head.append(
                x1)  # append lets us add something to a list, in this case x1 and y1 are added to the snake_head list
            snake_Head.append(y1)
            snake_List.append(snake_Head)  # add snake head to snake list
            if len(snake_List) > Length_of_snake:  # len returns the length of something, in this case snake list, so if snake list is greater than the snakes length
                del snake_List[0]  # del means delete, so delete the first value in snake list, index 0

            for i in snake_List[:-1]:
                if i == snake_Head:  # if the snake head hits itself
                    game_close = True  # you lose

            snake(snake_block, snake_List)
            score(Length_of_snake - 0)

            pygame.display.update()  # update the screen

            if x1 == foodx and y1 == foody:  # if you hit the food
                foodx = round(
                    random.randrange(0, WIN_WIDTH - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0  # generate a new random food position
                foody = round(random.randrange(0, WIN_HEIGHT - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
                Length_of_snake += 1  # add 1 to the snakes length
            clock.tick(VEL)  # valid arguments are a number (frames per second)

    # oposite of pygame.init, quit
    pygame.quit()
    # quit the program
    quit()


# call the gameloop function
gameLoop()

Answer 1

参见 Faster version of 'pygame.event.get()'. Why are events being missed and why are the events delayed? . pygame.event.get()获取所有消息并将它们从队列中删除。请参阅文档:

This will get all the messages and remove them from the queue. [...]

如果在多个事件循环中调用 pygame.event.get()，则只有一个循环接收事件，但绝不会所有循环都接收所有事件。结果，一些事件似乎被遗漏了。只实现 1 个事件循环。
不要递归调用 gameLoop，而是循环运行游戏。递归调用 main 函数会弄乱您的变量，实际上会导致游戏在游戏中运行。

例如:

def gameLoop():

    # run the game in a loop multiple times
    game_close = False
    while not game_close:
        
        # init game states
        x1 = WIN_WIDTH / 2
        y1 = WIN_HEIGHT / 2

        # [...]
    
        # application loop
        game_over = False
        while not game_over:
            # [...]

            # pygame events
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                    game_over = True
                    game_close = True

                if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:  # keydown is another event, for using the keyboard to do stuff    
                    if event.key == pygame.K_q:  # same thing as the x in the corner, but you can press q
                        game_over = True
                        game_close = True
                    if event.key == pygame.K_c:  # replay the game
                        game_over = True
                 
                    if event.key == pygame.K_a:  # if the a key is pressed, x1_change = -snake_block, which is equal to 10. this moves the rectangle to the left
                        x1_change = -snake_block
                        y1_change = 0
                    # [...]