winforms - 在 PowerShell 中为新窗体分离任务栏图标

Question

当您在 PowerShell 中创建窗口窗体时，它会与主机控制台窗口组合在一起，即使您更改了窗体的图标也是如此。

如何将新窗体的任务栏图标与 PowerShell 控制台图标分开？

左边发生了什么，右边是期望的效果:

示例代码:

[void][Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.VisualBasic')
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Drawing

$form = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Form
$form.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(300,200)
$form.ShowInTaskbar = $true
$form.Icon = New-Object system.drawing.icon 'c:\icon.ico'
$form.Text = 'New taskbar icon plz'

$form.BringToFront()
$form.ShowDialog()

我看到的唯一有点帮助的是更改“应用程序 ID”会将其分开的引用，但引用都是 C 代码。

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dd942846.aspx

请给出 PowerShell 答案，或者如果答案包括 C# 代码或对其他 API 的调用，请解释它们在 PowerShell 中的工作方式。

Answer 1

通过 C# 魔术从互联网上拼凑大量 P/Invoke 之后，mostly from here还有一些来自 here ，我最后用这个来添加一个类型，你可以使用一种方法，比如 [PSAppID]::SetAppIdForWindow($form.handle, "Your.AppId"):

$signature = @'
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComTypes;

public class PSAppID
{
    // https://emoacht.wordpress.com/2012/11/14/csharp-appusermodelid/
    // IPropertyStore Interface
    [ComImport,
        InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown),
        Guid("886D8EEB-8CF2-4446-8D02-CDBA1DBDCF99")]
    private interface IPropertyStore
    {
        uint GetCount([Out] out uint cProps);
        uint GetAt([In] uint iProp, out PropertyKey pkey);
        uint GetValue([In] ref PropertyKey key, [Out] PropVariant pv);
        uint SetValue([In] ref PropertyKey key, [In] PropVariant pv);
        uint Commit();
    }


    // PropertyKey Structure
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 4)]
    public struct PropertyKey
    {
        private Guid formatId;    // Unique GUID for property
        private Int32 propertyId; // Property identifier (PID)

        public Guid FormatId
        {
            get
            {
                return formatId;
            }
        }

        public Int32 PropertyId
        {
            get
            {
                return propertyId;
            }
        }

        public PropertyKey(Guid formatId, Int32 propertyId)
        {
            this.formatId = formatId;
            this.propertyId = propertyId;
        }

        public PropertyKey(string formatId, Int32 propertyId)
        {
            this.formatId = new Guid(formatId);
            this.propertyId = propertyId;
        }

    }


    // PropVariant Class (only for string value)
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
    public class PropVariant : IDisposable
    {
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        ushort valueType;     // Value type

        // [FieldOffset(2)]
        // ushort wReserved1; // Reserved field
        // [FieldOffset(4)]
        // ushort wReserved2; // Reserved field
        // [FieldOffset(6)]
        // ushort wReserved3; // Reserved field

        [FieldOffset(8)]
        IntPtr ptr;           // Value


        // Value type (System.Runtime.InteropServices.VarEnum)
        public VarEnum VarType
        {
            get { return (VarEnum)valueType; }
            set { valueType = (ushort)value; }
        }

        public bool IsNullOrEmpty
        {
            get
            {
                return (valueType == (ushort)VarEnum.VT_EMPTY ||
                        valueType == (ushort)VarEnum.VT_NULL);
            }
        }

        // Value (only for string value)
        public string Value
        {
            get
            {
                return Marshal.PtrToStringUni(ptr);
            }
        }


        public PropVariant()
        { }

        public PropVariant(string value)
        {
            if (value == null)
                throw new ArgumentException("Failed to set value.");

            valueType = (ushort)VarEnum.VT_LPWSTR;
            ptr = Marshal.StringToCoTaskMemUni(value);
        }

        ~PropVariant()
        {
            Dispose();
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            PropVariantClear(this);
            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
        }

    }

    [DllImport("Ole32.dll", PreserveSig = false)]
    private extern static void PropVariantClear([In, Out] PropVariant pvar);


    [DllImport("shell32.dll")]
    private static extern int SHGetPropertyStoreForWindow(
        IntPtr hwnd,
        ref Guid iid /*IID_IPropertyStore*/,
        [Out(), MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Interface)] out IPropertyStore propertyStore);

    public static void SetAppIdForWindow(int handle, string AppId)
    {
        Guid iid = new Guid("886D8EEB-8CF2-4446-8D02-CDBA1DBDCF99");
        IPropertyStore prop;
        int result1 = SHGetPropertyStoreForWindow((IntPtr)handle, ref iid, out prop);

        // Name = System.AppUserModel.ID
        // ShellPKey = PKEY_AppUserModel_ID
        // FormatID = 9F4C2855-9F79-4B39-A8D0-E1D42DE1D5F3
        // PropID = 5
        // Type = String (VT_LPWSTR)
        PropertyKey AppUserModelIDKey = new PropertyKey("{9F4C2855-9F79-4B39-A8D0-E1D42DE1D5F3}", 5);
    
        PropVariant pv = new PropVariant(AppId);
        
        uint result2 = prop.SetValue(ref AppUserModelIDKey, pv);
        
        Marshal.ReleaseComObject(prop);
    }
}
'@

Add-Type -TypeDefinition $signature

然后使用您的表单:

[void][Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.VisualBasic')
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Drawing

$form = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Form
$form.Size = New-Object System.Drawing.Size(300,200)
$form.ShowInTaskbar = $true
$form.visible = $true

[PSAppID]::SetAppIdForWindow($form.Handle, "YourName.App")

它拆分成自己的任务栏条目。

• Raymond Chen 的博客说 AppID 的格式应该是“CompanyName.ProductName.SubProduct.VersionInformation”，其中 SubProduct 是可选的，并且 VersionInformation 仅在您希望不同版本的应用程序时出现被视为不同的。”且不超过 128 个字符。
  • Raymond Chen blog entry 1
  • Raymond Chen blog entry 2
• 我认为这个 Guid("886D8EEB-8CF2-4446-8D02-CDBA1DBDCF99") 应该是 IPropertyStore 的 Windows Shell ID，但我不知道如何在没有它的情况下获取它把它写进去。
• 对于来自某些 Win32 propkey.h 的 AppUserModelIDKey 魔法 GUID 可能也是如此？

另见:

• https://github.com/microsoft/Windows-classic-samples/blob/7cbd99ac1d2b4a0beffbaba29ea63d024ceff700/Samples/Win7Samples/winui/shell/appshellintegration/AppUserModelIDWindowProperty/AppUserModelIDWindowProperty.cpp#L56
• This Microsoft doc令人气愤的是，“这通常是 IID_IPropertyStore”。
• AppUserModelID 和 SystemProperties.System.AppUserModel.ID