python - 如何在 Windows 终端中从 Python 获取当前文本光标位置？

Question

通过使用 Windows API ctypes 库，在 Python 中获取当前鼠标指针位置很简单。然而，似乎从鼠标指针的屏幕位置 (x,y) 开始，获取当前终端窗口的当前 text cursor 位置，似乎是难度很大。

此外，更糟糕的是，程序员社区不断混淆鼠标 指针 位置和文本 光标 位置。 Historically从来没有鼠标“光标”，所以当人们说“光标”时，他们应该指的是文本光标，而不是相反。由于这个错误，Stackoverflow 充满了与“光标”相关的问题和答案，但似乎与获取终端外壳的当前字符位置无关。 [被诅咒的光标!]

获取相对鼠标指针位置:

from ctypes import windll, wintypes, byref
def get_cursor_pos():
    cursor = wintypes.POINT()
    windll.user32.GetCursorPos(byref(cursor))
    return (cursor.x, cursor.y)

while(1): print('{}\t\t\r'.format(get_cursor_pos()), end='')

我想要一个函数，根据字符行给我最后一个位置和专栏。也许是这样的:

def cpos(): 
    xy = here_be_magic()
    return xy

# Clear screen and start from top:
print('\x1b[H', end=''); 
print('12345', end='', flush=True); xy=cpos(); print('( {},{})'.format(xy[0],xy[1]),end='', flush=True)

# 12345 (1,5)  # written on top of blank screen

如何在我的终端中获取文本光标位置(行，列)？
_{(无需做任何假设并且不必编写我自己的窗口管理器？)}

最终我希望用它来找到任何终端窗口中的最后一个光标位置，(并且可能被任何程序使用？)

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可能相关(但没有用)SO 问题:

• get current key cursors position text [C#]
• How to get the text cursor position in Windows? [鼠标？]
• How to get the current cursor position in python readline [鼠标？]
• How to change cursor position in powershell console
• python ctypes, pass double pointer by reference
• Python and ctypes: how to correctly pass "pointer-to-pointer" into DLL?

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更新 (2022-01-17)

查看 MS 文档后，我现在确信应该可以从(较旧的、非基于 VT 的)API 调用中获取此信息，GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo这是这样给出的。

BOOL WINAPI GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(
  _In_  HANDLE                      hConsoleOutput,            # A handle to the console screen buffer. The handle must have the GENERIC_READ access right. 
  _Out_ PCONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO lpConsoleScreenBufferInfo  # A pointer to a CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO structure that receives the console screen buffer information.
);

typedef struct _CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO {
  COORD      dwSize;                # contains the size of the console screen buffer, in character columns and rows.
  COORD      dwCursorPosition;      # contains the column and row coordinates of the cursor in the console screen buffer.
  WORD       wAttributes;           # Character attributes (divided into two classes: color and DBCS)
  SMALL_RECT srWindow;              # A SMALL_RECT structure that contains the console screen buffer coordinates of the upper-left and lower-right corners of the display window.
  COORD      dwMaximumWindowSize;   # A COORD structure that contains the maximum size of the console window, in character columns and rows, given the current screen buffer size and font and the screen size.
} CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO;       # 

# Defines the coordinates of a character cell in a console screen buffer. 
# The origin of the coordinate system (0,0) is at the top, left cell of the buffer.

typedef struct _COORD {
  SHORT X;              # The horizontal coordinate or column value. The units depend on the function call.
  SHORT Y;              # The vertical coordinate or row value. The units depend on the function call.
} COORD, *PCOORD;


typedef struct _SMALL_RECT {
  SHORT Left;
  SHORT Top;
  SHORT Right;
  SHORT Bottom;
} SMALL_RECT;

因此，鉴于此，我认为以下方法可行。

cls='\x1b[H'
from ctypes import windll, wintypes, byref
def cpos():
    cursor = wintypes._COORD(ctypes.c_short)
    windll.kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(byref(cursor))
    return (cursor.X, cursor.Y)

cpos()

# TypeError: '_ctypes.PyCSimpleType' object cannot be interpreted as an integer

Answer 1

问题是定位各种结构定义。经过大量实验后，我得到了以下可行的解决方案。

#!/usr/bin/env python -u
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
from ctypes import windll, wintypes, Structure, c_short, c_ushort, byref, c_ulong
from readline import console

#------------------------------------------------
# Win32 API 
#------------------------------------------------
SHORT   = c_short
WORD    = c_ushort
DWORD   = c_ulong

STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE   = DWORD(-11)    # $CONOUT

# These are already defined, so no need to redefine.
COORD = wintypes._COORD
SMALL_RECT = wintypes.SMALL_RECT
CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO = console.CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO

#------------------------------------------------
# Main
#------------------------------------------------
wk32 = windll.kernel32

hSo = wk32.GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
GetCSBI = wk32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo

def cpos():
    csbi = CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO()
    GetCSBI(hSo, byref(csbi))
    xy = csbi.dwCursorPosition
    return '({},{})'.format(xy.X,xy.Y)

cls='\x1b[H'
print('\n'*61)
print(cls+'12345', end='', flush=True); print(' {}'.format(cpos()), flush=True)

# 12345 (5,503)