rust - 为什么 `ToString` 项的迭代器要求它们也为 `Display`？

Question

以下代码:

enum MyEnum {
    A,
    B,
}

impl ToString for MyEnum {
    fn to_string(&self) -> String {
        match *self {
            Self::A => format!("A"),
            Self::B => format!("B"),
        }
    }
}

pub fn foo<I: ToString>(item: I) {
    println!("item: {}", item.to_string());
}

pub fn bar<I: ToString>(iter: impl Iterator<Item = I>) {
    iter.for_each(|item| println!("item: {}", item.to_string()))
}

fn main() {
    foo(MyEnum::A);
    bar([MyEnum::A, MyEnum::B].iter());
}

产生以下编译错误:

error[E0277]: `MyEnum` doesn't implement `std::fmt::Display`
  --> src\bin\main6.rs:25:2
   |
25 |     bar([MyEnum::A, MyEnum::B].iter());
   |     ^^^ `MyEnum` cannot be formatted with the default formatter
   |
   = help: the trait `std::fmt::Display` is not implemented for `MyEnum`
   = note: in format strings you may be able to use `{:?}` (or {:#?} for pretty-print) instead
   = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `std::fmt::Display` for `&MyEnum`
   = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `ToString` for `&MyEnum`
note: required by a bound in `bar`
  --> src\bin\main6.rs:19:15
   |
19 | pub fn bar<I: ToString>(iter: impl Iterator<Item = I>) {
   |               ^^^^^^^^ required by this bound in `bar`

For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.

bar 接受其项实现 ToString 的迭代器。 MyEnum 实现了 ToString，所以 [MyEnum::A, MyEnum::B].iter() 实际上是一个迭代器ToString.

foo 和bar 很相似，都是将泛型类型I 替换为MyEnum，所以为什么 bar 中需要特征绑定(bind) Display 而 foo 中不需要？

Answer 1

[MyEnum::A, MyEnum::B].iter() 创建一个迭代器，其项为 &MyEnum。 &MyEnum 不实现 ToString，只有 MyEnum 实现。这有效:

enum MyEnum {
    A,
    B,
}

impl ToString for MyEnum {
    fn to_string(&self) -> String {
        match *self {
            Self::A => format!("A"),
            Self::B => format!("B"),
        }
    }
}

pub fn foo<I: ToString>(item: I) {
    println!("item: {}", item.to_string());
}

pub fn bar<I: ToString>(iter: impl Iterator<Item = I>) {
    iter.for_each(|item| println!("item: {}", item.to_string()))
}

fn main() {
    foo(MyEnum::A);
    bar([MyEnum::A, MyEnum::B].into_iter());
}

Playground

如果你想接受任何 &I 这样 I: Display:

pub fn bar<'a, I: 'a>(iter: impl Iterator<Item = &'a I>) where I: ToString {
    iter.for_each(|item| println!("item: {}", item.to_string()))
}