python - 如何使用 PIL 保存 JPEG 元数据？

Question

我正在使用库 PIL 来调整图像大小，以便为我工作中的其他软件自动输入，而这个软件需要这个元数据。

图像已正确调整大小，但丢失了其中包含的所有元数据。

我使用下面的代码来调整大小。

from PIL import Image
filename = r'input.jpg'
ratio=0.2
im = Image.open(filename)
out = im.resize([int(ratio * s) for s in im.size], Image.ANTIALIAS)
out.save("out.jpg", format=im.format, optimize=True)

我可以使用以下方法将所有元数据查看到图像字典中:

im.__dict__

pyexif、pyexif2 等库返回 Null 值。我将标签 exif 检查到 im.dict 中，这个标签是空的。

有什么方法可以将这个词典添加到我调整大小的图像中吗？

图片下载链接:Image

非常感谢。

编辑:im.dict 的结果(这个字典里面有一个 XML 代码。它负责为我公司使用的软件传输元数据)。我们可以在info-->comment、app-->com和applist这3个标签中看到xml脚本1 .

{'im': None,
'mode': 'RGB',
'_size': (4096, 2304),
'palette': None,
'info': {'jfif': 258,
     'jfif_version': (1, 2),
         'jfif_unit': 0, 'jfif_density': (1, 1),
         'comment': b'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>\n<image time="09:04:10.271222" date="2020.06.15" acq_index="7666">\n\t<Position time="20200615T090410.834" received="2020-Jun-15 09:04:10.267082" extrapolated="false" age="4" transponder_id="0">\n\t\t<Coords long="-40.9273182" lat="-22.7837963"/>\n\t\t<Depth altitude="5.14" depth="85.57"/>\n\t\t<Direction pitch="-3.09" roll="0.03" yaw="180.02"/>\n\t</Position>\n\t<acquisition>\n\t\t<exposure>5000</exposure>\n\t\t<digital_gain>1.19</digital_gain>\n\t\t<analog_gain>6</analog_gain>\n\t\t<sensor_gain>4</sensor_gain>\n\t\t<aperture>1.4</aperture>\n\t\t<focus>498</focus>\n\t\t<name>ColorCamera</name>\n\t\t<camera_session_name>start_1</camera_session_name>\n\t\t<camera_sub_session_name/>\n\t\t<focus_enc>3945</focus_enc>\n\t\t<width>4096</width>\n\t\t<height>2304</height>\n\t\t<seq_slot>0</seq_slot>\n\t\t<dequeue_time>2020-06-15T09:04:10.887848</dequeue_time>\n\t</acquisition>\n\t<errors/>\n\t<versions>\n\t\t<software>0.968s4</software>\n\t\t<fpga>0x02d1</f                    pga>\n\t\t<pic>210</pic>\n\t\t<serial_number>191</serial_number>\n\t</versions>\n\t<ntp>\n\t\t<ntpq>*192.168.99.100                   1 u   69  128  377    0.196   -3.329   0.521</ntpq>\n\t\t<state>within_limits</state>\n\t\t<sync_level>excellent_sync</sync_level>\n\t</ntp>\n\t<pps/>\n</image>\n'}, 'category': 0, 'readonly': 1, 'pyaccess': None, '_exif': None, '_min_frame': 0, 'custom_mimetype': None, 'tile': [('jpeg', (0, 0, 4096, 2304), 0, ('RGB', ''))], 
'decoderconfig': (),
'decodermaxblock': 65536,
'fp': <_io.BufferedReader name='input.jpg'>,
'filename': 'input.jpg',
'_exclusive_fp': True, 'bits': 8,
'layers': 3,
'layer': [(1, 2, 2, 0), (2, 1, 1, 1), (3, 1, 1, 1)],
'huffman_dc': {},
'huffman_ac': {},
'quantization': {0: array('B', [3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 4, 5, 8, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 10, 7, 7, 6, 8, 12, 10, 12, 12, 11, 10, 11, 11, 13, 14, 18, 16, 13, 14, 17, 14, 11, 11, 16, 22, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 21, 21, 12, 15, 23, 24, 22, 20, 24, 18, 20, 21, 20]), 
                 1: array('B', [3, 4, 4, 5                    , 4, 5, 9, 5, 5, 9, 20, 13, 11, 13, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20])}, 

'app': {'APP0': b'JFIF\x00\x01\x02\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00', 
        'COM': b'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>\n<image time="09:04:10.271222" date="2020.06.15" acq_index="7666">\n\t<Position time="20200615T090410.834" received="2020-Jun-15 09:04:10.267082" extrapolated="false" age="4" transponder_id="0">\n\t\t<Coords long="-40.9273182" lat="-22.7837963"/>\n\t\t<Depth altitude="5.14" depth="85.57"/>\n\t\t<Direction pitch="-3.09" roll="0.03" yaw="180.02"/>\n\t</Position>\n\t<acquisition>\n\t\t<exposure>5000</exposure>\n\t\t<digital_gain>1.19</digital_gain>\n\t\t<analog_gain>6</analog_gain>\n\t\t<sensor_gain>4</sensor_gain>\n\t\t<aperture>1.4</aperture>\n\t\t<focus>498</focus>\n\t\t<name>ColorCamera</name>\n\t\t<camera_session_name>start_1</camera_session_name>\n\t\t<camera_sub_session_name/>\n\t\t<focus_enc>3945</focus_enc>\n\t\t<width>4096</width>\n\t\t<height>2304</height>\n\t\t<seq_slot>0</seq_slot>\n\t\t<dequeue_time>2020-06-15T09:04:10.887848</dequeue_time>\n\t</acquisition>\n\t<errors/>\n\t<versions>\n\t\t<software>0.968s4</software>\n\t\t<fpga>0x02d1</fpga>\               n\t\t<pic>210</pic>\n\t\t<serial_number>191</serial_number>\n\t</versions>\n\t<ntp>\n\t\t<ntpq>*192.168.99.100                   1 u   69  128  377    0.196   -3.329   0.521</ntpq>\n\t\t<state>within_limits</state>\n\t\t<sync_level>excellent_sync</sync_level>\n\t</ntp>\n\t<pps/>\n</image>\n'},

'applist': [('APP0', b'JFIF\x00\x01\x02\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00'), ('COM', b'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>\n<image time="09:04:10.271222" date="2020.06.15" acq_index="7666">\n\t<Position time="20200615T090410.834" received="2020-Jun-15 09:04:10.267082" extrapolated="false" age="4" transponder_id="0">\n\t\t<Coords long="-40.9273182" lat="-22.7837963"/>\n\t\t<Depth altitude="5.14" depth="85.57"/>\n\t\t<Direction pitch="-3.09" roll="0.03" yaw="180.02"/>\n\t</Position>\n\t<acquisition>\n\t\t<exposure>5000</exposure>\n\t\t<digital_gain>1.19</digital_gain>\n\t\t<analog_gain>6</analog_gain>\n\t\t<sensor_gain>4</sensor_gain>\n\t\t<aperture>1.4</aperture>\n\t\t<focus>498</focus>\n\t\t<name>ColorCamera</name>\n\t\t<camera_session_name>start_1</camera_session_name>\n\t\t<camera_sub_session_name/>\n\t\t<focus_enc>3945</focus_enc>\n\t\t<width>4096</width>\n\t\t<height>2304</height>\n\t\t<seq_slot>0</seq_slot>\n\t\t<dequeue_time>2020-06-15T09:04:10.887848</dequeue_time>\n\t</acquisition>\n\t<errors/>\n\t<versions>\n\t\t<software>0.968s4</software>\n\t\t<fpga>0x02d1</fpga>\n\t\t<pic>210</pic>\n\t\t<serial_number>191</serial_number>\n\t</versions>\n\t<ntp>\n\t\t<ntpq>*192.168.99.100                   1 u   69  128  377    0.196   -3.329   0.521</ntpq>\n\t\t<state>within_limits</state>\n\t\t<sync_level>excellent_sync</sync_level>\n\t</ntp>\n\t<pps/>\n</image>\n')],

'icclist': []}

Answer 1

您可以通过 exif 关键字参数将从原始文件中提取的元数据添加到调整后的文件中。如果您像这样修改代码:

from PIL import Image

filename = r'input.jpg'
ratio = 0.2

im = Image.open(filename)
EXIF = im.getexif()

out = im.resize([int(ratio * s) for s in im.size], Image.ANTIALIAS)
out.save("out.jpg", format=im.format, optimize=True, exif=EXIF)

现在应该将元数据传输到新图像。