spring-boot - spring boot REST Api 中的一对多关系

Question

我正在使用 spring boot 创建 REST API。在此 API 中，check-in 和 Guests 之间存在一对多关系。我创建了一个用于 checkin 的 Controller ，并使用了 spring JPA 的保存功能。保存方法同时更新checkin 和guest 表，但对于guest 表，check-in guests 表中的外键 没有被添加而是显示为空。请有人帮助我。我需要同时创建 guest 和签到。

签到模型

@Data
@Entity
public class Checkin {

    @Id
    private Long id;

    private Integer no_of_guests;

    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "checkin", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    private List<Guest> guests;
}

客人模型

@Data
@Entity
public class Guest {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long guest_id;

    private String name;

    private String mobile_no;

    private String address;

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    @JoinColumn(name = "guest_checkin_id", nullable = false )
    @JsonProperty(access = JsonProperty.Access.WRITE_ONLY)
    private Checkin checkin;

}

签到 Controller

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/checkin")
public class CheckinController {

    private final CheckinRepository checkinRepo;
    private final GuestRepository guestRepo;

    public CheckinController(CheckinRepository checkinRepo,GuestRepository guestRepo){
        this.checkinRepo = checkinRepo;
        this.guestRepo = guestRepo;
    }

    @PostMapping("/add")
    ResponseEntity<Object> roomCheckin(@RequestBody Checkin checkin){
         if(checkinRepo.save(checkin) != null){
            return ResponseEntity.accepted().body("Checkin Successfull");
        }
        return ResponseEntity.unprocessableEntity().body("Failed to Checkin");
    }
}

Answer 1

使用实体类作为 View 模型类可能有点棘手，尤其是在 Checkin 和 Guest .

让我们从验证实体类和存储库是否如描述的那样工作开始。为了进行测试运行，我必须在 Checkin 类中为 id 字段添加 @GeneratedValue。

其他变化:

• 使用Set 代替List。参见 https://stackoverflow.com/a/6563037/14072498
• 对实体类使用 @Getter 和 @Setter 而不是 @Data关系

为了验证代码，我在下面添加了一个测试类CheckinRepositoryTest。

---

如前所述，使用实体类作为 View 模型类可能很棘手，因此下一步将引入两个新的 View 模型类:CheckinVM 和 GuestVM，以及一个新的服务类 GuestService，它将负责保存 Checkin 和 Guest 实例。代码如下所示。

请注意，我只添加了 GuestService 类的框架，我将其留给您来实现。 CheckinRepositoryTest 中的代码说明了如何实现它。

有了 View 模型类，@JsonProperty(access = JsonProperty.Access.WRITE_ONLY) 应该被移除。

---

所有部分都启动并运行后，您应该向新的 View 模型类添加验证，以及一些验证行为的集成测试。如果您正在遵循 TDD，您将按自己的方式添加测试。

您还应该查看您的 Controller 方法并为成功和失败情况使用适当的状态代码。

---

客舱

package no.mycompany.myapp.misc;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import javax.persistence.*;

@Getter
@Setter
@Entity
public class Guest {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long guest_id;

    private String name;

    private String mobile_no;

    private String address;

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    @JoinColumn(name = "guest_checkin_id", nullable = false)
    @JsonProperty(access = JsonProperty.Access.WRITE_ONLY)
    private Checkin checkin;
}

GuestVM 类

package no.mycompany.myapp.misc;

import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
public class GuestVM {

    private long id;
    private String name;
    private String mobile_no;
    private String address;

    public GuestVM(Guest guest) {
        this.id = guest.getGuest_id();
        this.name = guest.getName();
        this.mobile_no = guest.getMobile_no();
        this.address = guest.getAddress();
    }
}

报到类

package no.mycompany.myapp.misc;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

@Getter
@Setter
@Entity
public class Checkin {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    private Integer no_of_guests;

    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "checkin", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    private Set<Guest> guests = new HashSet<>();
}

CheckinVM 类

package no.mycompany.myapp.misc;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

@Getter
@Setter
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CheckinVM {

    private long id;
    private List<GuestVM> guests;

    public CheckinVM(Checkin checkin) {
        this.id = checkin.getId();
        this.guests = checkin.getGuests().stream().map(GuestVM::new).collect(Collectors.toList());
    }
}

checkin 存储库

package no.mycompany.myapp.misc;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

public interface CheckinRepository extends JpaRepository<Checkin, Long> { }

CheckinRepositoryTest

package no.mycompany.myapp.misc;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.TestEntityManager;

import static org.assertj.core.api.AssertionsForClassTypes.assertThat;

@DataJpaTest
public class CheckinRepositoryTest {

    @Autowired
    TestEntityManager testEntityManager;

    @Autowired
    CheckinRepository checkinRepository;

    @Test
    public void test() {

        // create instances
        var checkinInDb = new Checkin();
        var guestInDb = new Guest();

        // add relations
        guestInDb.setCheckin(checkinInDb);
        checkinInDb.getGuests().add(guestInDb);

        // save check-in
        checkinRepository.save(checkinInDb);

        // verify that check-in has one guest
        var checkin = testEntityManager.find(Checkin.class, checkinInDb.getId());
        assertThat(checkin.getGuests().size()).isEqualTo(1);

        // verify that guest is connected to a check-in
        var guest = testEntityManager.find(Guest.class, guestInDb.getGuest_id());
        assertThat(guest.getCheckin()).isNotNull();
    }
}

CheckinService 类:我把这个留给你去实现

package no.mycompany.myapp.misc;

import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class CheckinService {

    private final CheckinRepository checkinRepository;

    public CheckinVM saveCheckin(CheckinVM checkin) {
        return null; // TODO: implement this
    }
}

Controller 类

package no.mycompany.myapp.misc;

import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/checkin")
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class CheckinController {

    private final CheckinService checkinService;

    @PostMapping("/add")
    ResponseEntity<Object> roomCheckin(@RequestBody CheckinVM checkin) {
        if (checkinService.saveCheckin(checkin) != null) {
            return ResponseEntity.accepted().body("Checkin Successful");
        }
        return ResponseEntity.unprocessableEntity().body("Failed to Checkin");
    }
}