java - 如何在 YMDHMS (ISO 8601) 中获取两个日期/时间之间的持续时间

Question

给定 2 日期，我如何根据 ISO 8601 以 Year Month Day, Hour Minute Second 格式计算它们之间的差异持续时间？

我只找到了可以在几天或更短时间内给出差异的 Java 库。

鉴于月份和年份的天数不规则，我不确定如何找出月份和年份的差异。

即使 Duration.between() 很接近，但它以小时分钟秒为单位给出结果:

ZonedDateTime event1 = ZonedDateTime.of(2022, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, ZoneId.of("UTC-7"));
ZonedDateTime event2 = ZonedDateTime.of(2025, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, ZoneId.of("UTC-7"));
//ZonedDateTime now = ZonedDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("UTC-7"));
Duration duration = Duration.between(event1, event2);
Log.d("Duration ISO-8601: ", duration.toString());


Output:    PT25533H57M58S

也就是 25533 小时，57 分钟，58 秒。

我想看到这样的东西:

__ years, __ months, __ days, 9 hours, 57 minutes, 58 seconds

Answer 1

您可以创建一个自定义类来维护 Period 和 Duration 字段(归功于 @Ole V.V.，因为他早些时候在评论)。

下面是此类实现的示例，它公开了一个静态方法 between()，它需要两个类型为 LocalDateTime 的参数。

getYears() 和 getHours() 等方法会将调用委托(delegate)给 Period 和 Duration 对象。

class DateTimeSlot {
    private Period period;
    private Duration duration;
    
    private DateTimeSlot(Period period, Duration duration) {
        this.period = period;
        this.duration = duration;
    }
    
    public int getYears() {
        return period.getYears();
    }
    
    public int getMonth() {
        return period.getMonths();
    }
    
    public int getDays() {
        return period.getDays();
    }
    
    public int getHours() {
        return duration.toHoursPart(); // this method can be safely used instead `toHours()` because `between()` implementation guerantees that duration will be less than 24 hours
    }
    
    public int getMinutes() {
        return duration.toMinutesPart();
    }
    
    public int getSeconds() {
        return (int) (duration.getSeconds() % 60);
    }
    
    public static DateTimeSlot between(LocalDateTime from, LocalDateTime to) {
        if (from.isAfter(to) || from.equals(to)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
        
        Duration duration;
        Period period;
        
        if (from.toLocalTime().isBefore(to.toLocalTime())) {
            duration = Duration.between(from.toLocalTime(), to.toLocalTime());
            period = Period.between(from.toLocalDate(), to.toLocalDate());
        } else {
            duration = Duration.between(to.withHour(from.getHour())
                .withMinute(from.getMinute())
                .withSecond(from.getSecond())
                .minusDays(1), to);                    // apply shift one day back
            period = Period.between(from.toLocalDate()
                .plusDays(1), to.toLocalDate());       // apply shift one day forward (to compensate the previous shift)
        }
        return new DateTimeSlot(period, duration);
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return String.format("%s years, %s months, %s days, %s hours, %s minutes, %s seconds",
            getYears(), getMonth(), getDays(), getHours(), getMinutes(), getSeconds());
    }
}

main() - 演示

public static void main(String[] args) {
    LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.of(2022, 5, 20, 18, 0, 18);
    LocalDateTime withTimeBefore = LocalDateTime.of(2020, 12, 31, 15, 9, 27);
    LocalDateTime withTimeAfter = LocalDateTime.of(2020, 12, 31, 22, 50, 48);
    
    DateTimeSlot slot1 = DateTimeSlot.between(withTimeBefore, now);
    DateTimeSlot slot2 = DateTimeSlot.between(withTimeAfter, now);
    
    System.out.println(slot1);
    System.out.println(slot2);
}

输出

1 years, 4 months, 20 days, 2 hours, 50 minutes, 51 seconds  // between 2020-12-31T15:09:27 and 2022-05-20T18:00:18
1 years, 4 months, 19 days, 19 hours, 9 minutes, 30 seconds  // between 2020-12-31T22:50:48 and 2022-05-20T18:00:18