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char* str ="..."与 char str[] ="..."奇怪的行为

转载 作者:行者123 更新时间:2023-12-05 01:15:43 24 4
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Possible Duplicate:
Program crashes when trying to set a character of a char array

我有一个按预期工作的示例代码:

/* strtok example */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main ()
{
char str[] ="- This, a sample string.";
char * pch;
printf ("Splitting string \"%s\" into tokens:\n",str);
pch = strtok (str," ,.-");
/*
while (pch != NULL)
{
printf ("%s\n",pch);
pch = strtok (NULL, " ,.-");
}
*/
return 0;
}

...除非我将 char str[] 更改为 char* str ,这不会在语义上产生任何差异:

/* strtok example */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main ()
{
char * str ="- This, a sample string.";
char * pch;
printf ("Splitting string \"%s\" into tokens:\n",str);
pch = strtok (str," ,.-");
/*
while (pch != NULL)
{
printf ("%s\n",pch);
pch = strtok (NULL, " ,.-");
}
*/
return 0;
}

这是意想不到的结果:

Splitting string "- This, a sample string." into tokens:
Segmentation fault

我编译了两个例子:

gcc -O0 main.c
gcc -O3 main.c
g++ -O0 main.c
g++ -O3 main.c

甚至查看了程序集...但我无法弄清楚,第二个版本有什么问题。

这里是工作的 O1-Assembly:

    .file   "main.c"
.intel_syntax noprefix
.section .rodata.str1.8,"aMS",@progbits,1
.align 8
.LC0:
.string "Splitting string \"%s\" into tokens:\n"
.section .rodata.str1.1,"aMS",@progbits,1
.LC1:
.string " ,.-"
.text
.globl main
.type main, @function
main:
.LFB58:
.cfi_startproc
push rbx
.cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
sub rsp, 48
.cfi_def_cfa_offset 64
mov rax, QWORD PTR fs:40
mov QWORD PTR [rsp+40], rax
xor eax, eax
mov DWORD PTR [rsp], 1750343725
mov DWORD PTR [rsp+4], 539784041
mov DWORD PTR [rsp+8], 1634934881
mov DWORD PTR [rsp+12], 1701605485
mov DWORD PTR [rsp+16], 1920234272
mov DWORD PTR [rsp+20], 778530409
mov BYTE PTR [rsp+24], 0
mov rdx, rsp
mov esi, OFFSET FLAT:.LC0
mov edi, 1
.cfi_offset 3, -16
call __printf_chk
mov esi, OFFSET FLAT:.LC1
mov rdi, rsp
call strtok
mov eax, 0
mov rdx, QWORD PTR [rsp+40]
xor rdx, QWORD PTR fs:40
je .L3
call __stack_chk_fail
.L3:
add rsp, 48
pop rbx
.p2align 4,,1
ret
.cfi_endproc
.LFE58:
.size main, .-main
.ident "GCC: (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.4.4-14ubuntu5) 4.4.5"
.section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits

还有坏掉的:

    .file   "main.c"
.intel_syntax noprefix
.section .rodata.str1.1,"aMS",@progbits,1
.LC0:
.string "- This, a sample string."
.section .rodata.str1.8,"aMS",@progbits,1
.align 8
.LC1:
.string "Splitting string \"%s\" into tokens:\n"
.section .rodata.str1.1
.LC2:
.string " ,.-"
.text
.globl main
.type main, @function
main:
.LFB58:
.cfi_startproc
sub rsp, 8
.cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
mov edx, OFFSET FLAT:.LC0
mov esi, OFFSET FLAT:.LC1
mov edi, 1
mov eax, 0
call __printf_chk
mov esi, OFFSET FLAT:.LC2
mov edi, OFFSET FLAT:.LC0
call strtok
mov eax, 0
add rsp, 8
ret
.cfi_endproc
.LFE58:
.size main, .-main
.ident "GCC: (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.4.4-14ubuntu5) 4.4.5"
.section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits

我能看到的唯一明显区别是,在工作版本中,GCC 在代码中直接用 MOV 替换字符串常量。

非常感谢帮助

编辑gcc (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.4.4-14ubuntu5) 4.4.5,

祝一切顺利,托马斯

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