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flutter - 如何在 google_maps_flutter 包上使用 tileOverlays?

转载 作者:行者123 更新时间:2023-12-05 01:08:07 25 4
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使用 java,我们可以通过使用瓦片覆盖将 WMS 瓦片放在 Google Base Map 的顶部。在 flutter 中,我发现 google_maps_flutter 在其构造函数上有 tileOverlays 属性,但很难找到一个工作示例。这里有人成功地将 WMS 瓦片覆盖在谷歌地图之上吗?

最佳答案

我设法让它工作。

上下文如下:

我必须展示根据无人机图像创建的自定义图 block 。目标是在缩放级别 14 和 22 之间获得更好的图像分辨率。

我必须使用的 API 没有整个 map 的图像,这是有道理的,因为我们只对某些区域的详细信息感兴趣。

但是,我可以通过 API KML layers files 获取这让我可以提前知道我可以获取哪些图像。

那些 KML 文件定义了我可以从 API 下载的图 block 的坐标。

分辨率

1)

第一步是获取这些 KML 文件并对其进行解析,以找出无人机图像覆盖的区域。 (这里不是重点,但如果你愿意,我可以告诉你)

2)

然后我做了一个自定义TileProvider .您基本上必须使用一个名为 getTile 的方法。 .

此方法必须返回 Tile .Flutter 中的 tile 基本上是一个包含宽度、高度和数据的对象,如 Uint8List

import 'package:google_maps_flutter/google_maps_flutter.dart';

class TestTileProvider implements TileProvider{
@override
Future<Tile> getTile(int x, int y, int zoom) {
// TODO: implement getTile
throw UnimplementedError();
}

}

按照 official example 中的建议,可以通过在 Canvas 上绘制来轻松创建这些数据。 .

  @override
Future<Tile> getTile(int x, int y, int? zoom) async {
final ui.PictureRecorder recorder = ui.PictureRecorder();
final Canvas canvas = Canvas(recorder);
final TextSpan textSpan = TextSpan(
text: '$x,$y',
style: textStyle,
);
final TextPainter textPainter = TextPainter(
text: textSpan,
textDirection: TextDirection.ltr,
);
textPainter.layout(
minWidth: 0.0,
maxWidth: width.toDouble(),
);
final Offset offset = const Offset(0, 0);
textPainter.paint(canvas, offset);
canvas.drawRect(
Rect.fromLTRB(0, 0, width.toDouble(), width.toDouble()), boxPaint);
final ui.Picture picture = recorder.endRecording();
final Uint8List byteData = await picture
.toImage(width, height)
.then((ui.Image image) =>
image.toByteData(format: ui.ImageByteFormat.png))
.then((ByteData? byteData) => byteData!.buffer.asUint8List());
return Tile(width, height, byteData);
}

问题是它不符合我的需求,因为我必须显示真实图片,而不是在 Tiles 上绘制边框和 Tiles 坐标。

我找到了一种方法来加载网络图像并将它们转换为正确的 Tile 格式。

final uri = Uri.https(AppUrl.BASE, imageUri);
try {
final ByteData imageData = await NetworkAssetBundle(uri).load("");
final Uint8List bytes = imageData.buffer.asUint8List();
return Tile(TILE_SIZE, TILE_SIZE, bytes);
} catch (e) {}

但是,由于我没有整张 map 的图片,所以当没有可用的图片时,我不得不返回一些东西。我做了一个透明的瓷砖,在需要的时候还回去了。为了提高性能,我在创建提供者时创建了透明的 Tile,然后总是返回相同的。

class TestTileProvider implements TileProvider {
static const int TILE_SIZE = 256;
static final Paint boxPaint = Paint();
Tile transparentTile;
...
TestTileProvider() {
boxPaint.isAntiAlias = true;
boxPaint.color = Colors.transparent;
boxPaint.style = PaintingStyle.fill;
initTransparentTile();
}
...

void initTransparentTile() async {
final ui.PictureRecorder recorder = ui.PictureRecorder();
final Canvas canvas = Canvas(recorder);
canvas.drawRect(
Rect.fromLTRB(0, 0, TILE_SIZE.toDouble(), TILE_SIZE.toDouble()),
boxPaint);
final ui.Picture picture = recorder.endRecording();
final Uint8List byteData = await picture
.toImage(TILE_SIZE, TILE_SIZE)
.then((ui.Image image) =>
image.toByteData(format: ui.ImageByteFormat.png))
.then((ByteData byteData) => byteData.buffer.asUint8List());
transparentTile = Tile(TILE_SIZE, TILE_SIZE, byteData);
}
...

}

我遇到的下一个问题是这个getTile方法只给你Tile坐标(xyzoom 瓷砖世界中的)。 KML 图层中定义的位置以度数定义。

<LatLonAltBox>
<north>47.054785</north>
<south>47.053557</south>
<east>6.780674</east>
<west>6.774709</west>
</LatLonAltBox>

(那些是假坐标,我不能给你看真实坐标:))

我真的,真的,真的建议你to read this以便了解所有这些坐标类型之间的差异。

然后我必须找到一种方法将图 block 坐标转换为度数。

因为我无论如何都无法在 Flutter 中找到检索 projection object (在 javascript API 中有一种检索它的方法)。我必须自己转换这些坐标。

首先我必须了解它们是如何从度数转换为图 block 坐标的(这使用 Mercator projection 和一些数学运算)。

希望我能找到一个 JS 实现 here in the project method .

我必须做的“唯一”事情是将其反转,我将能够从图 block 坐标中获得度数。

我先重写了project方法,然后倒过来:

// The mapping between latitude, longitude and pixels is defined by the web
// mercator projection.
// Source: https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/examples/map-coordinates?csw=1
math.Point project(LatLng latLng) {
double siny = math.sin((latLng.latitude * math.pi) / 180);

// Truncating to 0.9999 effectively limits latitude to 89.189. This is
// about a third of a tile past the edge of the world tile.
siny = math.min(math.max(siny, -0.9999), 0.9999);

return new math.Point(
TILE_SIZE * (0.5 + latLng.longitude / 360),
TILE_SIZE * (0.5 - math.log((1 + siny) / (1 - siny)) / (4 * math.pi)),
);
}

LatLng reverseMercatorFromTileCoordinates(int x, int y, int zoom) {
// Reverse mercator projection.
// Reverse of above function (kept for readibility)
//
// 1) Compute longitude
//
// TILE_SIZE * (0.5 + latLng.longitude / 360) = x
//0.5 + latLng.longitude / 360 = x / TILE_SIZE
// latLng.longitude / 360 = x / TILE_SIZE - 0.5
// latLng.longitude = (x / TILE_SIZE - 0.5) *360

int pixelCoordinateX = x * TILE_SIZE;
int pixelCoordinateY = y * TILE_SIZE;

double worldCoordinateX = pixelCoordinateX / math.pow(2, zoom);
double worldCoordinateY = pixelCoordinateY / math.pow(2, zoom);

double long = (worldCoordinateX / TILE_SIZE - 0.5) * 360;

//
// 2) compute sin(y)
//
// TILE_SIZE * (0.5 - math.log((1 + siny) / (1 - siny)) / (4 * math.pi)) = y
// 0.5 - math.log((1 + siny) / (1 - siny)) / (4 * math.pi) = y / TILE_SIZE
// math.log((1 + siny) / (1 - siny)) / (4 * math.pi) = -(y / TILE_SIZE) + 0.5
// math.log((1 + siny) / (1 - siny)) = (-(y / TILE_SIZE) + 0.5)(4 * math.pi)
// (1 + siny) / (1 - siny) = math.pow(math.e, (-(y / TILE_SIZE) + 0.5)(4 * math.pi))
// siny = (math.pow(math.e, (-(y / TILE_SIZE) + 0.5)(4 * math.pi)) - 1) / (1+math.pow(math.e, (-(y / TILE_SIZE) + 0.5)(4 * math.pi)));
double part = math.pow(
math.e, ((-(worldCoordinateY / TILE_SIZE) + 0.5) * (4 * math.pi)));
double siny = (part - 1) / (1 + part);
//
// 3) Compute latitude
//
// siny = math.sin((latLng.latitude * math.pi) / 180)
// math.asin(siny) = (latLng.latitude * math.pi) / 180
// math.asin(siny) * 180 = (latLng.latitude * math.pi)
// (math.asin(siny) * 180) / math.pi = latLng.latitude
double lat = (math.asin(siny) * 180) / math.pi;
return LatLng(lat, long);
}

我现在可以检查从 Provider 请求的 Tile 是否在无人机图像所覆盖的区域内!

这是完整的 getTile 实现:

  @override
Future<Tile> getTile(int x, int y, int zoom) async {

// Reverse tile coordinates to degreees
LatLng tileNorthWestCornerCoordinates =
reverseMercatorFromTileCoordinates(x, y, zoom);

// `domain` is an object in which are stored the kml datas fetched before
KMLLayer kmlLayer =
domain.getKMLLayerforPoint(tileNorthWestCornerCoordinates);


if (kmlLayer != null &&
zoom >= kmlLayer.minZoom &&
zoom <= kmlLayer.maxZoom) {
final String imageUri = domain.getImageUri(kmlLayer, x, y, zoom);

final uri = Uri.https(AppUrl.BASE, imageUri);
try {
final ByteData imageData = await NetworkAssetBundle(uri).load("");
final Uint8List bytes = imageData.buffer.asUint8List();
return Tile(TILE_SIZE, TILE_SIZE, bytes);
} catch (e) {}
}
// return transparent tile
return transparentTile;
}

Anddddddddd 完整的 TileProvider 示例:

import 'dart:math' as math;
import 'dart:typed_data';
import 'dart:ui' as ui;

import 'package:app_digivitis/core/constants/app_url.dart';
import 'package:app_digivitis/core/models/domain.dart';
import 'package:app_digivitis/core/models/kml_layer.dart';
import 'package:app_digivitis/core/viewmodels/screens/user_view_model.dart';
import 'package:flutter/cupertino.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
import 'package:google_maps_flutter/google_maps_flutter.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';

class TestTileProvider implements TileProvider {
static const int TILE_SIZE = 256;
static final Paint boxPaint = Paint();
BuildContext context;
Tile transparentTile;
Domain domain;

TestTileProvider() {
boxPaint.isAntiAlias = true;
boxPaint.color = Colors.transparent;
boxPaint.style = PaintingStyle.fill;
initTransparentTile();
}

@override
Future<Tile> getTile(int x, int y, int zoom) async {
// Reverse tile coordinates to degreees
LatLng tileNorthWestCornerCoordinates =
reverseMercatorFromTileCoordinates(x, y, zoom);

// `domain` is an object in which are stored the kml datas fetched before
KMLLayer kmlLayer =
domain.getKMLLayerforPoint(tileNorthWestCornerCoordinates);

if (kmlLayer != null &&
zoom >= kmlLayer.minZoom &&
zoom <= kmlLayer.maxZoom) {
final String imageUri = domain.getImageUri(kmlLayer, x, y, zoom);

final uri = Uri.https(AppUrl.BASE, imageUri);
try {
final ByteData imageData = await NetworkAssetBundle(uri).load("");
final Uint8List bytes = imageData.buffer.asUint8List();
return Tile(TILE_SIZE, TILE_SIZE, bytes);
} catch (e) {}
}
// return transparent tile
return transparentTile;
}

void initContext(BuildContext context) {
context = context;
final userViewModel = Provider.of<UserViewModel>(context, listen: false);
domain = userViewModel.domain;
}

void initTransparentTile() async {
final ui.PictureRecorder recorder = ui.PictureRecorder();
final Canvas canvas = Canvas(recorder);
canvas.drawRect(
Rect.fromLTRB(0, 0, TILE_SIZE.toDouble(), TILE_SIZE.toDouble()),
boxPaint);
final ui.Picture picture = recorder.endRecording();
final Uint8List byteData = await picture
.toImage(TILE_SIZE, TILE_SIZE)
.then((ui.Image image) =>
image.toByteData(format: ui.ImageByteFormat.png))
.then((ByteData byteData) => byteData.buffer.asUint8List());
transparentTile = Tile(TILE_SIZE, TILE_SIZE, byteData);
}

// The mapping between latitude, longitude and pixels is defined by the web
// mercator projection.
// Source: https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/examples/map-coordinates?csw=1
math.Point project(LatLng latLng) {
double siny = math.sin((latLng.latitude * math.pi) / 180);

// Truncating to 0.9999 effectively limits latitude to 89.189. This is
// about a third of a tile past the edge of the world tile.
siny = math.min(math.max(siny, -0.9999), 0.9999);

return new math.Point(
TILE_SIZE * (0.5 + latLng.longitude / 360),
TILE_SIZE * (0.5 - math.log((1 + siny) / (1 - siny)) / (4 * math.pi)),
);
}

LatLng reverseMercatorFromTileCoordinates(int x, int y, int zoom) {
// Reverse mercator projection.
// Reverse of above function (kept for readibility)
//
// 1) Compute longitude
//
// TILE_SIZE * (0.5 + latLng.longitude / 360) = x
//0.5 + latLng.longitude / 360 = x / TILE_SIZE
// latLng.longitude / 360 = x / TILE_SIZE - 0.5
// latLng.longitude = (x / TILE_SIZE - 0.5) *360

int pixelCoordinateX = x * TILE_SIZE;
int pixelCoordinateY = y * TILE_SIZE;

double worldCoordinateX = pixelCoordinateX / math.pow(2, zoom);
double worldCoordinateY = pixelCoordinateY / math.pow(2, zoom);

double long = (worldCoordinateX / TILE_SIZE - 0.5) * 360;

//
// 2) compute sin(y)
//
// TILE_SIZE * (0.5 - math.log((1 + siny) / (1 - siny)) / (4 * math.pi)) = y
// 0.5 - math.log((1 + siny) / (1 - siny)) / (4 * math.pi) = y / TILE_SIZE
// math.log((1 + siny) / (1 - siny)) / (4 * math.pi) = -(y / TILE_SIZE) + 0.5
// math.log((1 + siny) / (1 - siny)) = (-(y / TILE_SIZE) + 0.5)(4 * math.pi)
// (1 + siny) / (1 - siny) = math.pow(math.e, (-(y / TILE_SIZE) + 0.5)(4 * math.pi))
// siny = (math.pow(math.e, (-(y / TILE_SIZE) + 0.5)(4 * math.pi)) - 1) / (1+math.pow(math.e, (-(y / TILE_SIZE) + 0.5)(4 * math.pi)));
double part = math.pow(
math.e, ((-(worldCoordinateY / TILE_SIZE) + 0.5) * (4 * math.pi)));
double siny = (part - 1) / (1 + part);
//
// 3) Compute latitude
//
// siny = math.sin((latLng.latitude * math.pi) / 180)
// math.asin(siny) = (latLng.latitude * math.pi) / 180
// math.asin(siny) * 180 = (latLng.latitude * math.pi)
// (math.asin(siny) * 180) / math.pi = latLng.latitude
double lat = (math.asin(siny) * 180) / math.pi;
return LatLng(lat, long);
}
}

不要太在意上下文,因为我需要它来使用提供程序来检索我的 domain 实例。

3)

使用此提供程序!

带有 map 示例的完整小部件:

import 'package:app_digivitis/core/providers/test_provider.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:google_maps_flutter/google_maps_flutter.dart';
import 'package:location/location.dart';

class MarksMapTest extends StatefulWidget {
@override
_MarksMapTestState createState() => _MarksMapTestState();
}

class _MarksMapTestState extends State<MarksMapTest>
with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
GoogleMapController mapController;
Location _location = Location();
LocationData _center =
LocationData.fromMap({'latitude': 51.512153, 'longitude': -0.111019});
TileOverlay _tileOverlay;
TestTileProvider testTileProvider = TestTileProvider();

@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
createTileOverlay();
_location.getLocation().then((value) {
_center = value;
});
}

void createTileOverlay() {
if (_tileOverlay == null) {
final TileOverlay tileOverlay = TileOverlay(
tileOverlayId: TileOverlayId('tile_overlay_1'),
tileProvider: testTileProvider,
);
_tileOverlay = tileOverlay;
}
}

void _onMapCreated(GoogleMapController controller) {
mapController = controller;
centerMap(location: _center);
}

void centerMap({LocationData location}) async {
if (location == null) location = await _location.getLocation();
mapController.animateCamera(
CameraUpdate.newCameraPosition(CameraPosition(
target: LatLng(location.latitude, location.longitude), zoom: 14)),
);
}

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
testTileProvider.initContext(context);
Set<TileOverlay> overlays = <TileOverlay>{
if (_tileOverlay != null) _tileOverlay,
};
return Scaffold(
body: GoogleMap(
onMapCreated: (controller) => _onMapCreated(controller),
initialCameraPosition: CameraPosition(
target: LatLng(_center.latitude, _center.longitude),
zoom: 14.0,
),
tileOverlays: overlays,
mapType: MapType.hybrid,
myLocationButtonEnabled: false,
myLocationEnabled: true,
zoomControlsEnabled: false,
mapToolbarEnabled: false,
),
);
}
}

关于flutter - 如何在 google_maps_flutter 包上使用 tileOverlays?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/66505718/

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