r - 如何设置自定义 R 安装以在 Jupyter 中使用 rpy2？

Question

我有一个 conda 环境，我通过运行以下命令将其作为内核提供给我的 Jupyter 实例:python -m ipykernel install --user --name my-env-name --display-name "Python (my-env-name)"

在这种环境下，我想在 Jupyter 中使用 R，利用 rpy2 的 %load_ext rpy2.ipython 命令来启用 %%R魔术。但是，rpy2 使用的是我的全局 R，而不是我的 conda 环境中安装的那个。我通过以下方式检查了我的 R 主页:

%%R
R.home()

(我也可以在 Jupyter 笔记本( source )中使用 %run -m rpy2.situation 检查情况，但是这似乎在某处的 rpy2 中被破坏了在 3.1.0 和 3.2.1 版本之间...至少对我来说它抛出 UnboundLocalError: local variable 'rpy2' referenced before assignment在 3.1.0 中，它适用于 3.2.1)。

如何让我的 Jupyter 笔记本从我的 conda 环境加载 R 安装？

Answer 1

有两种方法可以解决这个问题，一种是本地的(用于单个 Jupyter 笔记本)，一种是全局的(用于内核本身)。两者都与设置 R_HOME 环境变量有关。

本地(source):在 Jupyter 笔记本中调用 %load_ext rpy2.ipython 之前，运行:

import os
os.environ['R_HOME'] = '/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/R' #path to your R installation

全局:通过 jupyter kernelspec list 找到您的内核目录并编辑文件 kernel.json。通过添加以下内容更新 JSON:"env": {"R_HOME":"/home/your/anaconda3/envs/my-env-name/lib/R"}，然后重启你的内核(你可能需要重启 Jupyter好)。

更新(搞砸了LD_LIBRARY_PATH)

最近，在使用 conda 设置新环境后，我再次尝试在 jupyter 中运行 rpy2:

conda config --add channels conda-forge
conda config --set channel_priority strict
conda create -n myenv python=3.7
conda activate myenv
conda install r-essentials pandas rpy2

这一次我在尝试 %load_ext rpy2.ipython (Jupyter) 或简单地 import rpy2.robjects (任何脚本) 时遇到了以下问题:

>>> import rpy2.robjects                                            
Warning message:                                                    
package ‘methods’ was built under R version 3.6.3     
Error: package or namespace load failed for ‘stats’ in dyn.load(file, DLLpath = DLLpath, ...):
 unable to load shared object '/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/R/library/stats/libs/stats.so':                  
  /home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/R/library/stats/libs/stats.so: undefined symbol: MARK_NOT_MUTABLE
During startup - Warning messages:                                                                                          
1: package ‘datasets’ was built under R version 3.6.3      
2: package ‘utils’ was built under R version 3.6.3                                                                     
3: package ‘grDevices’ was built under R version 3.6.3  
4: package ‘graphics’ was built under R version 3.6.3                                                                       
5: package ‘stats’ was built under R version 3.6.3          
6: package ‘stats’ in options("defaultPackages") was not found                                                       
R[write to console]: Error: package or namespace load failed for ‘tools’ in dyn.load(file, DLLpath = DLLpath, ...):
 unable to load shared object '/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/R/library/tools/libs/tools.so':
  /home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/R/library/tools/libs/tools.so: undefined symbol: R_NewPreciousMSet

R[write to console]: Error in dyn.load(file, DLLpath = DLLpath, ...) :
  unable to load shared object '/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/R/library/tools/libs/tools.so':
  /home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/R/library/tools/libs/tools.so: undefined symbol: R_NewPreciousMSet

R[write to console]: In addition:                                      
R[write to console]: Warning message:                        

R[write to console]: package ‘tools’ was built under R version 3.6.3

Traceback (most recent call last):                          
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>                    
  File "/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/rpy2/robjects/__init__.py", line 20, in <module>
    import rpy2.robjects.functions                                           
  File "/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/rpy2/robjects/functions.py", line 12, in <module>
    from rpy2.robjects import help                                   
  File "/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/rpy2/robjects/help.py", line 43, in <module>
    tools_ns = _get_namespace(StrSexpVector(('tools',)))          
  File "/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/rpy2/rinterface_lib/conversion.py", line 44, in _
    cdata = function(*args, **kwargs)                                     
  File "/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/rpy2/rinterface.py", line 621, in __call__
    raise embedded.RRuntimeError(_rinterface._geterrmessage())                            
rpy2.rinterface_lib.embedded.RRuntimeError: Error in dyn.load(file, DLLpath = DLLpath, ...) :
  unable to load shared object '/home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/R/library/tools/libs/tools.so':
  /home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/R/library/tools/libs/tools.so: undefined symbol: R_NewPreciousMSet

问题似乎是搞砸了 R“情况”(通过 Jupyter 中的 %run -m rpy2.situation 或简单地 python -m rpy2.situation 检查在命令行上)，其中 R 对 LD_LIBRARY_PATH: 的添加指向旧的、全局安装的 R 版本。

我不得不手动取消设置 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 来解决这个问题。可以类似于 R_HOME 设置/取消设置此路径。

PS:我发现 R_HOME 和 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 在我的 .bashrc 中设置为自定义(从源代码)R 安装。这显然混淆了 Jupyter 内核。不聪明;)

PPS:rpy2.situation 仍然告诉我有一个警告:环境变量 R_HOME 与 PATH 中的默认 R 不同。:

Looking for R's HOME:
    Environment variable R_HOME: /home/your/anaconda3/envs/myenv/lib/R
    Calling `R RHOME`: /home/your/anaconda3/envs/jupyter-env/lib/R
    Environment variable R_LIBS_USER: None
    Warning: The environment variable R_HOME differs from the default R in the PATH.

这让我担心 R 实际上默认为安装 Jupyter 安装的 R。所以如果有人对此有意见，我将不胜感激。