python-3.x - 如何使用 python 在 paho mqtt 中使用 ssl/tls？我的证书验证失败

Question

我正在做一个物联网项目。我正在使用 paho MQTT，我需要使用 SSL。我使用 python 编写发布代码，但出现“证书验证失败”错误。

我的发布代码

import time
import paho.mqtt.client as paho
import ssl
import certifi
#define callback
def on_message(client, userdata, message):
  time.sleep(1)
  print("received message =",str(message.payload.decode("utf-8")))

client= paho.Client("client-001") 
client.on_message=on_message
print("connecting to broker ",)
client.tls_set("C:/Windows/system32/config/systemprofile/Desktop/attachments/server iot.crt", tls_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2)
client.tls_insecure_set(True)
client.connect("iot.eclipse.org", 8883, 60)
def on_log(client, userdata, level, buf):
  print("log: ",buf)#connect
client.loop_start() #start loop to process received messages
print("publishing ")
client.publish("$SYS/muthu","muthupavithran",)#publish
client.on_log=on_log
client.loop_forever()
#client.loop(100)

我的错误是

connecting to broker 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Windows\system32\config\systemprofile\Desktop\attachments\publishTEST WITH LOG.py", line 14, in <module>
client.connect("iot.eclipse.org", 8883, 60)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\paho\mqtt\client.py", line 768, in connect
return self.reconnect()
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\paho\mqtt\client.py", line 927, in reconnect
sock.do_handshake()
File "C:\Python34\lib\ssl.py", line 810, in do_handshake
self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:600)

我的证书是

OpenSSL> s_client -showcerts -connect iot.eclipse.org:8883
CONNECTED(00000108)
depth=1 C = US, O = Let's Encrypt, CN = Let's Encrypt Authority X3
verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/CN=iot.eclipse.org
i:/C=US/O=Let's Encrypt/CN=Let's Encrypt Authority X3
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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KXLcpMMM9OVFR/R4AAABZFtya8kAAAQDAEcwRQIhALOwNsLvVmEUlXCZP2IcTemC
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sgB3AFWB1MIWkDYBSuoLm1c8U/DA5Dh4cCUIFy+jqh0HE9MMAAABZFtybAQAAAQD
AEgwRgIhAK5rIXo4d8L2muH8pt5V51aLhbs15RzYWdqVxGwcpG/DAiEAmagg9e/c
O2Jsbdz7ZBeEwogOYZvRij2U3VOJA42VADkwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQADggEBAIvc
KIllapMu9oXqZZ1iKo9fMyxVsuLP5Lo6hjJFsZMFoVZQSguGoT9CsFvuw0QeqObg
xbk1y+ZeEaSYI5Gf8iHlGHq4M9zGLLUvPBbCpzy4grQTjFBQvPzH0c7qrWKPYge2
WcCox2ofvBaJ9LSOzc82vqLnkAWwnaLelk3+SlOYcrZP2me6JCQWpSRFec4p/42t
94Yvojgj5RKY6jhA6aNG3AFBSJiwgU36UZ1H3c82L0X/djOQbFGKWFaQ956s2AoY
Dmf+tdtj2AFCM7Ht8YdN6VxWlI/1hctK0TaF/4UrTEJ4n2ChTe9F8EP2exO/VcC7
V/jDTid21vBdhF2mQis=
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
 1 s:/C=US/O=Let's Encrypt/CN=Let's Encrypt Authority X3
   i:/O=Digital Signature Trust Co./CN=DST Root CA X3
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIEkjCCA3qgAwIBAgIQCgFBQgAAAVOFc2oLheynCDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADA/
MSQwIgYDVQQKExtEaWdpdGFsIFNpZ25hdHVyZSBUcnVzdCBDby4xFzAVBgNVBAMT
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GkxldCdzIEVuY3J5cHQgQXV0aG9yaXR5IFgzMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOC
AQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAnNMM8FrlLke3cl03g7NoYzDq1zUmGSXhvb418XCSL7e4S0EF
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KOqkqm57TH2H3eDJAkSnh6/DNFu0Qg==
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
---
Server certificate
subject=/CN=iot.eclipse.org
issuer=/C=US/O=Let's Encrypt/CN=Let's Encrypt Authority X3
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA512
Server Temp Key: ECDH, P-256, 256 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 3397 bytes and written 302 bytes
Verification error: unable to get local issuer certificate
---
New, TLSv1.2, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
Protocol  : TLSv1.2
Cipher    : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Session-ID: 8B1F036E44D23BD9F8CB52355705726639BE769B681154D1448EB4B264EE2F43

Session-ID-ctx:
Master-Key: 538D0967D0732F7A758317E764D2550E3C1330C1192353A89E99C3E66F4B5A51
485BB4ABF8434D23398CF84615DF54CF
    PSK identity: None
    PSK identity hint: None
    SRP username: None
    TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 300 (seconds)
    TLS session ticket:
    0000 - d7 03 bf d1 ff 2b f7 6c-1a b3 56 ec 3a dc 8b 19   
.....+.l..V.:...
    0010 - 9d 73 05 08 66 15 f3 bd-46 55 30 a0 1a e1 ca 07   .s..f...FU0.....
    0020 - 06 14 08 43 41 8e 64 1e-55 97 17 be 24 a3 a1 10   ...CA.d.U...$...
    0030 - 51 9b be c0 05 67 81 b9-e2 12 4c 80 bc 42 ed 9d   Q....g....L..B..
    0040 - 89 7a bf 9a 02 1a d6 35-07 39 6d ce 9c 8c dd cf   .z.....5.9m.....
   0050 - e2 0f f4 0f 3b e5 83 ec-2c 8d 54 bc 60 97 a1 c6   ....;...,.T.`...
   0060 - 9c c0 78 e1 1c 28 9f 38-c7 0b d9 7b ad 2a 9e 69   ..x..(.8...{.*.i
0070 - af ef 2f 1b 2d e2 f9 8a-04 7a 6c 88 c8 28 14 8c   ../.-....zl..(..
0080 - ac 7a 11 11 fa 94 0a 63-45 70 e8 a9 3f fb 8d be   .z.....cEp..?...
0090 - df 9e 3c 15 20 6d 48 fe-40 d2 4f 28 58 49 a9 1b   ..<. mH.@.O(XI..
00a0 - e7 1d de 1e ae f3 bc 57-79 0d e6 f5 5d 93 62 17   .......Wy...].b.

Start Time: 1534843470
Timeout   : 7200 (sec)
Verify return code: 20 (unable to get local issuer certificate)
Extended master secret: no
---

我得到了这个证书，我尝试将证书也安装到 python 中，但仍然显示相同的错误。

Answer 1

正如评论中所讨论的那样。

首先，您需要提供完整的 CA 链来验证 iot.eclipse.org 的证书。由于它看起来正在使用 LetsEncrypt CA，您可以找到根证书和中间证书 here

其次，你需要清理你的发布者代码。

import time
import paho.mqtt.client as paho
import ssl

#define callbacks
def on_message(client, userdata, message):
  print("received message =",str(message.payload.decode("utf-8")))

def on_log(client, userdata, level, buf):
  print("log: ",buf)

def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
  print("publishing ")
  client.publish("muthu","muthupavithran",)


client=paho.Client() 
client.on_message=on_message
client.on_log=on_log
client.on_connect=on_connect
print("connecting to broker")
client.tls_set("C:/Windows/system32/config/systemprofile/Desktop/attachments/server iot.crt", tls_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2)
client.tls_insecure_set(True)
client.connect("iot.eclipse.org", 8883, 60)

##start loop to process received messages
client.loop_start()
#wait to allow publish and logging and exit
time.sleep(1)

此代码使用 on_connect 回调来确保在连接失败时不会尝试发布，它还会删除硬编码的客户端 ID 以允许客户端使用随机生成的一个，这样它就不太可能与公共(public)测试代理发生冲突。对 client.loop_forever() 的调用也被删除，因为您已经启动了网络循环并且此客户端不需要永远运行。

第三，你真的不应该发布到 $SYS 主题，这些主题是为代理报告状态，而不是一般用途。此外，iot.eclipse.org 代理用于测试，您不应该计划将其用于生产中的任何内容。