django - 使用 nginx、django、daphne 部署到 docker

Question

我想将我的服务部署到 docker。

我的服务是使用 python+django 和 django-channels 开发的

── myproject
├── myproject
│ ├── settings.py
│ ├── urls.py
│ ├── asgi.py
│ ├── ...
├── collected_static
│ ├── js
│ ├── css
│ ├── ...
├── nginx
│ ├── Dockerfile
│ ├── service.conf
├── requirements.txt
├── manage.py
├── Dockerfile
└── docker-compose.yml

我的项目/Dockerfile :

FROM python
ENV PYTHONUNBURRERED 1

RUN mkdir -p /opt/myproject
WORKDIR /opt/myproject
ADD . /opt/myproject

RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
RUN python manage.py migrate

我的项目/docker-compose.yml:

version: '2'
services:
  nginx:
    build: ./nginx
    networks:
      - front
      - back
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    depends_on:
      - daphne
  redis:
    image: redis
    networks:
      - "back"
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
  worker:
    build: .
    working_dir: /opt/myproject
    command: bash -c "python manage.py runworker"
    environment:
      - REDIS_HOST=redis
    networks:
      - front
      - back
    depends_on:
      - redis
    links:
      - redis
  daphne:
    build: .
    working_dir: /opt/myproject
    command: bash -c "daphne -b 0.0.0.0 -p 8000 myproject.asgi:channel_layer"
    ports:
      - "8000:8000"
    environment:
      - REDIS_HOST=redis
    networks:
      - front
      - back
     depends_on:
      - redis
     links:
      - redis
  networks:
    front:
    back:

我的项目/nginx/Dockerfile

FROM nginx
COPY service.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

我的项目/nginx/service.conf

server {
  listen 80;
  server_name example.com #i just want to hide domain name..
  charset utf-8;
  client_max_body_size 20M;

  location /static/ {
    alias /opt/myproject/collected_static/;
  }

  location / {
    proxy_pass http://0.0.0.0:8000;
    proxy_http_version 1.1;
    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
    proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";

    proxy_redirect off;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $server_name;
  }
}

我写了一个命令 docker-compose up -d , nginx 和 daphne 运行良好。

但是当我连接到 example.com:80 时，我只能看到 nginx 默认页面。

当我连接到 example.com:8000 时，我只能看到 myproject 的服务页面。 (但看不到静态文件)

我要链接nginx和daphne服务!我该怎么办？请帮我。

当我在没有 docker 的情况下使用 nginx+daphne+django 进行部署时，我的服务运行良好。

Answer 1

TLDR；

Nginx 配置不正确，但您的 docker-compose 也需要一些更正:

nginx

Nginx website有一些有用的 Docker 部署技巧，您应该阅读，包括一个非常简单的 Dockerfile 示例:

FROM nginx
RUN rm /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
RUN rm /etc/nginx/conf.d/example_ssl.conf
COPY content /usr/share/nginx/html
COPY conf /etc/nginx

这指出了您需要进行的一些改进(有关 Docker 的进一步帮助，请参阅 Docker Compose 部分)。

记住我们将在下面对部署进行更新，您还需要更改 Nginx 配置:

重命名 service.conf -> service.template

改 listen ${NGINX_PORT};

改 server_name ${NGINX_HOST};

改 proxy_pass http://${DAPHNE_HOST}:${DAPHNE_PORT};

Docker 撰写

现在你的 Nginx 配置是正确的，你需要正确设置 docker compose 指令，幸运的是， Docker Hub Nginx page有一个 docker compose 的例子:

Here is an example using docker-compose.yml:

web:
  image: nginx
  volumes:
   - ./mysite.template:/etc/nginx/conf.d/mysite.template
  ports:
   - "8080:80"
  environment:
   - NGINX_HOST=foobar.com
   - NGINX_PORT=80
  command: /bin/bash -c "envsubst < /etc/nginx/conf.d/mysite.template > /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf && nginx -g 'daemon off;'"

The mysite.template file may then contain variable references like this:

listen ${NGINX_PORT};

来自 r00m 的 answer

您可以进行所有这些改进，事实上，如果不共享卷，您的静态文件将无法正确提供。

为项目创建一个图像并重复使用它

添加卷引用以允许共享静态文件

可选:您还应该遵循有关收集静态文件的建议，但是您的项目结构表明您已经这样做了。

把这一切放在一起

最后，我们可以合并这三个改进，为我们提供以下设置:

我的项目/Dockerfile:

FROM python
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1

RUN mkdir -p /opt/myproject
WORKDIR /opt/myproject
ADD . /opt/myproject

RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
RUN python manage.py migrate # Can this be done during build? i.e. no link to the DB?

VOLUME ["/opt/myproject/collected_static"]

我的项目/docker-compose.yml:

version: '2'
services:
  nginx:
    build: ./nginx
    networks:
      - front
      - back
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    volumes_from:
      - "daphne"
    environment:
      - NGINX_HOST=example.com
      - NGINX_PORT=80
      - DAPHNE_HOST=daphne
      - DAPHEN_PORT=8000
    depends_on:
      - daphne
    links:
      - daphne
    command: /bin/bash -c "envsubst < /etc/nginx/conf.d/service.template > /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf && nginx -g 'daemon off;'"
  redis:
    image: redis
    networks:
      - "back"
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
  daphne:
    build: .
    image: "myproject:latest"
    working_dir: /opt/myproject
    command: bash -c "daphne -b 0.0.0.0 -p 8000 myproject.asgi:channel_layer"
    ports:
      - "8000:8000"
    environment:
      - REDIS_HOST=redis
    networks:
      - front
      - back
     depends_on:
      - redis
     links:
      - redis
  worker:
    image: "myproject:latest"
    working_dir: /opt/myproject
    command: bash -c "python manage.py runworker"
    environment:
      - REDIS_HOST=redis
    networks:
      - front
      - back
    depends_on:
      - redis
    links:
      - redis
  networks:
    front:
    back:

我的项目/nginx/Dockerfile

FROM nginx
RUN rm /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
RUN rm /etc/nginx/conf.d/example_ssl.conf
COPY service.template /etc/nginx/conf.d

我的项目/nginx/service.template

server {
  listen ${NGINX_PORT};
  server_name ${NGINX_HOST}
  charset utf-8;
  client_max_body_size 20M;

  location /static/ {
    alias /opt/myproject/collected_static/;
  }

  location / {
    proxy_pass http://${DAPHNE_HOST}:${DAPHNE_PORT};
    proxy_http_version 1.1;
    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
    proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";

    proxy_redirect off;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $server_name;
  }
}

最后的想法

我不确定你想用你的网络指令实现什么，但它几乎肯定不会实现它，例如 nginx 不应该连接到你的后端网络(我认为......)。

您需要考虑是否应该在构建时或运行时完成“迁移”。

您是否需要能够轻松更改 nginx 配置？如果是这样，您应该从 nginx 构建中删除 COPY，并从 Docker Compose 部分添加卷指令。