powershell - 使用 Root CA Signer 生成自签名证书

Question

场景:我在 Windows Server 2012r2 上使用 PowerShell 生成根证书，并希望使用它在动态生成(和销毁)的开发/测试环境中签署新创建的中间证书和 Web 证书。这些脚本是远程部署的，目的是尽可能保持纯 PowerShell。在 Windows 10/2016 中，这相对容易，生成根证书后:

$Cert = New-SelfSignedCertificate -Signer $Root -Subject "CN=$Subject"

我使用 COM X509Enrollment.CX509CertificateRequestCertificate 生成了根证书和 Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2在我已经有一段时间的 SCSS PS 中，主要是因为我需要确保主题和用法设置得非常具体。如果没有上述内容(我以前使用过)，我不太确定如何使用它来签署标准证书。

在 C# 中有一些使用 Bouncy CaSTLe(见下文)的示例，我可以将其绑定(bind)到 PowerShell，但是我需要在动态开发/测试环境中另外部署它，并且我希望能够在 Powershell 中执行此操作(通过 COM如果需要)具有最少的依赖关系。

C# Generate Self Signed Certificates on the Fly

How do I use Bouncy Castle in Powershell

Answer 1

就我而言，避免 makecert 和 openssl 的最终解决方案是使用 Powershell 和 BouncyCaSTLe。我从 PSBouncyCastle fork 了 PSBouncyCaSTLe 存储库由 RLipscombe 发布并插入 1.8.1 Bouncy CaSTLe。我的 fork 版本是我用于脚本的版本， fork 位于 Forked: PSBouncyCastle.New .

然后我使用了StackOverflow: C# Generate Certificates on the Fly作为在下面编写以下 powershell 的灵感，我将把它添加到我的 GitHub 并发表评论，我会尽快修改它 :

Import-Module -Name PSBouncyCastle.New

function New-SelfSignedCertificate {
  [CmdletBinding()]
  param (
    [string]$SubjectName,
    [string]$FriendlyName = "New Certificate",
    [object]$Issuer,
    [bool]$IsCA = $false,
    [int]$KeyStrength = 2048,
    [int]$ValidYears = 2,
    [hashtable]$EKU = @{}
  )

  # Needed generators
  $random = New-SecureRandom
  $certificateGenerator = New-CertificateGenerator

  if($Issuer -ne $null -and $Issuer.HasPrivateKey -eq $true)
  {
    $IssuerName = $Issuer.IssuerName.Name
    $IssuerPrivateKey = $Issuer.PrivateKey
  }
  # Create and set a random certificate serial number
  $serial = New-SerialNumber -Random $random
  $certificateGenerator.SetSerialNumber($serial)

  # The signature algorithm
  $certificateGenerator.SetSignatureAlgorithm('SHA256WithRSA')

  # Basic Constraints - certificate is allowed to be used as intermediate.
  # Powershell requires either a $null or reassignment or it will return this from the function
  $certificateGenerator = Add-BasicConstraints -isCertificateAuthority $IsCA -certificateGenerator $certificateGenerator

  # Key Usage
  if($EKU.Count -gt 0) 
  {
    $certificateGenerator = $certificateGenerator | Add-ExtendedKeyUsage @EKU
  }
  # Create and set the Issuer and Subject name
  $subjectDN = New-X509Name -Name ($SubjectName)
  if($Issuer -ne $null) {
    $IssuerDN = New-X509Name -Name ($IssuerName)
  }
  else 
  {
    $IssuerDN = New-X509Name -Name ($SubjectName)
  }  
  $certificateGenerator.SetSubjectDN($subjectDN)
  $certificateGenerator.SetIssuerDN($IssuerDN)

  # Authority Key and Subject Identifier
  if($Issuer -ne $null)
  {
    $IssuerKeyPair = ConvertTo-BouncyCastleKeyPair -PrivateKey $IssuerPrivateKey
    $IssuerSerial = [Org.BouncyCastle.Math.BigInteger]$Issuer.GetSerialNumber()
    $authorityKeyIdentifier = New-AuthorityKeyIdentifier -name $Issuer.IssuerName.Name -publicKey $IssuerKeyPair.Public -serialNumber $IssuerSerial
    $certificateGenerator = Add-AuthorityKeyIdentifier -certificateGenerator $certificateGenerator -authorityKeyIdentifier $authorityKeyIdentifier
  }

  # Validity range of the certificate
  [DateTime]$notBefore = (Get-Date).AddDays(-1)
  if($ValidYears -gt 0) {
    [DateTime]$notAfter = $notBefore.AddYears($ValidYears)
  }
  $certificateGenerator.SetNotBefore($notBefore)
  $certificateGenerator.SetNotAfter($notAfter)


  # Subject public key ~and private
  $subjectKeyPair = New-KeyPair -Strength $keyStrength -Random $random
  if($IssuerPrivateKey -ne $null)
  {
    $IssuerKeyPair = [Org.BouncyCastle.Security.DotNetUtilities]::GetKeyPair($IssuerPrivateKey)
  }
  else 
  {
    $IssuerKeyPair = $subjectKeyPair
  }
  $certificateGenerator.SetPublicKey($subjectKeyPair.Public)

  # Create the Certificate
  $IssuerKeyPair = $subjectKeyPair
  $certificate = $certificateGenerator.Generate($IssuerKeyPair.Private, $random)
  # At this point you have the certificate and need to convert it and export, I return the private key for signing the next cert
  $pfxCertificate = ConvertFrom-BouncyCastleCertificate -certificate $certificate -subjectKeyPair $subjectKeyPair -friendlyName $FriendlyName
  return $pfxCertificate
}

此 powershell 的一些使用示例如下:

生成根 CA

$TestRootCA = New-SelfSignedCertificate -subjectName "CN=TestRootCA" -IsCA $true
Export-Certificate -Certificate $test -OutputFile "TestRootCA.pfx" -X509ContentType Pfx

生成标准自签名

$TestSS = New-SelfSignedCertificate -subjectName "CN=TestLocal"
Export-Certificate -Certificate $TestSS -OutputFile "TestLocal.pfx" -X509ContentType Pfx

生成证书，使用根证书签名

$TestRootCA = New-SelfSignedCertificate -subjectName "CN=TestRootCA" -IsCA $true
$TestSigned = New-SelfSignedCertificate -subjectName "CN=TestSignedByRoot" -issuer $TestRootCA

Export-Certificate -Certificate $test -OutputFile "TestRootCA.pfx" -X509ContentType Pfx
Export-Certificate -Certificate $test -OutputFile "TestRootCA.pfx" -X509ContentType Pfx

生成具有特定用途的自签名

$TestServerCert = New-SelfSignedCertificate -subjectName "CN=TestServerCert" -EKU @{ "ServerAuthentication" = $true }

请注意，-EKU 参数通过 splatting 接受，它这样做是为了确保添加到 Add-ExtendedKeyUsage 的任何内容都被有效传递。它接受以下证书用法:

数字签名

不可否认

key 加密

数据加密

关键协议(protocol)

KeyCertSign

CrlSign

仅加密

仅解密

这符合我的需要，并且似乎适用于我们用于动态环境的所有 Windows 平台。