unit-testing - Spring Boot 2.1.1 : java. lang.IllegalStateException:运行单元测试时无法检索@EnableAutoConfiguration基础包错误

Question

执行单元测试时将抛出以下错误。请告知我是否遗漏了什么。我正在使用 Spring Boot 2.1.1.RELEASE。谢谢!

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unable to retrieve @EnableAutoConfiguration base packages

应用程序-test.yml

spring:
  profiles: test
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: org.h2.Driver
    url: jdbc:h2:mem:testdb;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1
    username : xxx
    password : xxx
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
  cache:
    type: simple

AppRepository.java

@Repository
public interface AppRepository extends CrudRepository<App, Integer> {

    App findFirstByAppId(String appId);

}   

AppRepositoryTest.java

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {AppRepository.class})
@EnableConfigurationProperties
@DataJpaTest
@ActiveProfiles("test")
public class AppRepositoryTest {

    @Autowired
    AppRepository appRepository;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        App app = new App();
        app.setAppId("testId");
        appRepository.save(app);
    }

    @Test
    public void testFindFirstByAppId() {
        assertNotNull(appRepository.findFirstByAppId("testId"));        
    }
}

封装结构

└───src
    ├───main
    │   ├───java
    │   │   └───com
    │   │       └───abc
    │   │           └───app
    │   │               ├───config
    │   │               ├───data
    │   │               │   ├───model
    │   │               │   └───repository
    │   │               ├───exception
    │   │               ├───service
    │   │               └───serviceImpl
    │   └───resources
    │       ├───META-INF
    │       └───static
    │           ├───css
    │           ├───images
    │           └───js
    └───test
        └───java
            └───com
                └───abc
                    └───app
                        ├───data
                        │   └───repository
                        ├───service
                        └───serviceImpl

Answer 1

我尝试了 Zaccus 的解决方案，但这对我不起作用。我正在使用 Spring Boot 2.3.2.RELEASE 和 JUnit 5。对于我的情况，我需要将我的模型和存储库移动到一个单独的库中，因为它需要由我的 web 应用程序和工具共享。
以下是我的工作:
没有 main 或 SpringApplication 的 Spring Boot JPA 测试

package com.example.repository;

import com.example.model.Place;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.Optional;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

@DataJpaTest
@ContextConfiguration(classes={PlaceRepositoryTest.class})
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = {"com.example.*"})
@EntityScan("com.example.model")
public class PlaceRepositoryTest {
    @Autowired private DataSource dataSource;
    @Autowired private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    @Autowired private EntityManager entityManager;
    @Autowired private PlaceRepository repo;

    @Test
    void testInjectedComponentsAreNotNull(){
        assertThat(dataSource).isNotNull();
        assertThat(jdbcTemplate).isNotNull();
        assertThat(entityManager).isNotNull();
        assertThat(repo).isNotNull();
    }

    @Test
    public void testInsert() throws Exception {
        String placeName = "San Francisco";
        Place p = new Place(null, placeName);

        repo.save(p);
        Optional<Place> op = repo.findByName(placeName);

        assertThat(op.isPresent()).isTrue();
    }
}

从 Spring Boot 2.1 开始，使用 @DataJpaTest 时，不再需要指定

@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)

@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = {"com.example.*"})

对于我的情况， basePackages = {"com.example.*"} 不是必需的，因为 PlaceRepository 和 PlaceRepositoryTest 在同一个包中。我只是在这里添加它以防有人进行测试，其中包括在不同包中找到的存储库。如果没有“basePackages”，@EnableJpaRepositories 将默认扫描 Spring Data 存储库的注解配置类的包。
最初，我只有以下注释:

@DataJpaTest
@ContextConfiguration(classes={PlaceRepositoryTest.class})
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = {"com.example.*"})

我发现的网站说我只需要@DataJpaTest 和@EnableJpaRepositories，但是，仅使用上述内容，我收到以下错误:

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
:
:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'placeRepository' defined in com.example.repository.PlaceRepository defined in @EnableJpaRepositories declared on PlaceRepositoryTest: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Not a managed type: class com.example.model.Place

我花了一段时间才弄清楚这一点。对于“非托管类型”，我认为我的类 Place 有问题:

package com.example.model;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Data
@Entity
public class Place {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy= GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Long id;
    private String name;
}

根本原因是未将 Place 扫描为实体。为了解决这个问题，我需要添加

@EntityScan("com.example.model")

我从 stackoverflow 上的另一个解决方案中找到了“@EntityScan”: Spring boot - Not an managed type
下面是我的设置:

src
 + main
    + java
       + com.example
          + model
             + Place
          + repository
             + PlaceRepository
 + test
    + java
       + com.example
          + repository
             + PlaceRepository

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>jpa</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <properties>
        <spring.boot.starter.version>2.3.2.RELEASE</spring.boot.starter.version>
        <h2.version>1.4.200</h2.version>
        <lombok.version>1.18.12</lombok.version>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.boot.starter.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.boot.starter.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>${lombok.version}</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.boot.starter.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <version>${h2.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

package com.example.repository;

import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import com.example.model.Place;

import java.util.Optional;

@Repository
public interface PlaceRepository extends CrudRepository<Place, Long> {
    Optional<Place> findByName(String name);
}