Airflow 资源利用率飙升

Question

我们有 32 个带有 Local Executor 的 28 GB ram 的 V-CPU，但 Airflow 仍在利用所有资源，这导致资源过度利用，最终破坏系统执行。

以下是按内存使用情况排序的 ps -aux 输出。

   PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
  1336  3.5  0.9 1600620 271644 ?      Ss   Feb18  23:41 /usr/bin/python /usr/local/bin/airflow webs
  9434 32.3  0.9 1835796 267844 ?      Sl   03:09   0:31 [ready] gunicorn: worker [airflow-webserver
 10043  9.1  0.9 1835796 267844 ?      Sl   03:05   0:33 [ready] gunicorn: worker [airflow-webserver
 25397 17.4  0.9 1835796 267844 ?      Sl   03:08   0:30 [ready] gunicorn: worker [airflow-webserver
 30680 13.0  0.9 1835796 267844 ?      Sl   03:06   0:36 [ready] gunicorn: worker [airflow-webserver
 28434 60.5  0.5 1720548 152380 ?      Rl   03:10   0:12 gunicorn: worker [airflow-webserver]       
 20202  2.2  0.3 1671280 111316 ?      Sl   03:07   0:04 /usr/bin/python /usr/local/bin/airflow run 
 14353  1.9  0.3 1671484 111208 ?      Sl   03:07   0:04 /usr/bin/python /usr/local/bin/airflow run 
 14497  1.8  0.3 1671480 111192 ?      Sl   03:07   0:03 /usr/bin/python /usr/local/bin/airflow run 
 25170  2.0  0.3 1671024 110964 ?      Sl   03:08   0:03 /usr/bin/python /usr/local/bin/airflow run 
 21887  1.8  0.3 1670692 110672 ?      Sl   03:07   0:03 /usr/bin/python /usr/local/bin/airflow run 
  5211  4.7  0.3 1670488 110456 ?      Sl   03:09   0:05 /usr/bin/python /usr/local/bin/airflow run 
  8819  4.9  0.3 1670140 110264 ?      Sl   03:09   0:04 /usr/bin/python /usr/local/bin/airflow run 
  6034  3.9  0.3 1670324 110080 ?      Sl   03:09   0:04 /usr/bin/python /usr/local/bin/airflow run 
  8817  4.6  0.3 1670136 110044 ?      Sl   03:09   0:04 /usr/bin/python /usr/local/bin/airflow run 
  8829  4.0  0.3 1670076 110012 ?      Sl   03:09   0:04 /usr/bin/python /usr/local/bin/airflow run 
 14349  1.6  0.3 1670360 109988 ?      Sl   03:07   0:03 /usr/bin/python /usr/local/bin/airflow run 
  8815  3.5  0.3 1670140 109984 ?      Sl   03:09   0:03 /usr/bin/python /usr/local/bin/airflow run 
  8917  4.2  0.3 1669980 109980 ?      Sl   03:09   0:04 /usr/bin/python /usr/local/bin/airflow run 

从 RSS 字段我们可以看到，用于 Web 服务器的 RAM 超过 10 GB，每个任务平均使用 1 GB。

这些任务仅用于监视休息 API 的端点。

下面是 Airflow 配置文件

[core]
# The home folder for airflow, default is ~/airflow
airflow_home = /airflow
# The folder where your airflow pipelines live, most likely a
# subfolder in a code repository
# This path must be absolute
dags_folder = /airflow/dags
# The folder where airflow should store its log files
# This path must be absolute
base_log_folder = /airflow/logs/
# Airflow can store logs remotely in AWS S3 or Google Cloud Storage. Users
# must supply an Airflow connection id that provides access to the storage
# location.
remote_logging = True
remote_log_conn_id = datalake_gcp_connection
encrypt_s3_logs = False
# Logging level
logging_level = INFO
# Logging class
# Specify the class that will specify the logging configuration
# This class has to be on the python classpath
logging_config_class = log_config.LOGGING_CONFIG
# Log format
log_format = [%%(asctime)s] {%%(filename)s:%%(lineno)d} %%(levelname)s - %%(message)s
simple_log_format = %%(asctime)s %%(levelname)s - %%(message)s
# The executor class that airflow should use. Choices include
# SequentialExecutor, LocalExecutor, CeleryExecutor, DaskExecutor
executor = LocalExecutor
# The SqlAlchemy connection string to the metadata database.
# SqlAlchemy supports many different database engine, more information
# their website
sql_alchemy_conn = mysql://user:pass@127.0.0.1/airflow_db
# The SqlAlchemy pool size is the maximum number of database connections
# in the pool.
sql_alchemy_pool_size = 400

# The SqlAlchemy pool recycle is the number of seconds a connection
# can be idle in the pool before it is invalidated. This config does
# not apply to sqlite.
sql_alchemy_pool_recycle = 3000

# The amount of parallelism = 32
# the max number of task instances that should run simultaneously
# on this airflow installation
parallelism = 64

# The number of task instances allowed to run concurrently by the scheduler
dag_concurrency = 32

# Are DAGs paused by default at creation
dags_are_paused_at_creation = True

# When not using pools, tasks are run in the "default pool",
# whose size is guided by this config element
non_pooled_task_slot_count = 400

# The maximum number of active DAG runs per DAG
max_active_runs_per_dag = 16

# Whether to load the examples that ship with Airflow. It's good to
# get started, but you probably want to set this to False in a production
# environment
load_examples = False

# Where your Airflow plugins are stored
plugins_folder = /airflow/plugins

# Secret key to save connection passwords in the db
fernet_key = <FERNET KEY>

# Whether to disable pickling dags
donot_pickle = False

# How long before timing out a python file import while filling the DagBag
dagbag_import_timeout = 120

# The class to use for running task instances in a subprocess
task_runner = BashTaskRunner

# If set, tasks without a `run_as_user` argument will be run with this user
# Can be used to de-elevate a sudo user running Airflow when executing tasks
default_impersonation =

# What security module to use (for example kerberos):
security =

# Turn unit test mode on (overwrites many configuration options with test
# values at runtime)
unit_test_mode = False

# Name of handler to read task instance logs.
# Default to use file task handler.
task_log_reader = gcs.task

# Whether to enable pickling for xcom (note that this is insecure and allows for
# RCE exploits). This will be deprecated in Airflow 2.0 (be forced to False).
enable_xcom_pickling = True

# When a task is killed forcefully, this is the amount of time in seconds that
# it has to cleanup after it is sent a SIGTERM, before it is SIGKILLED
killed_task_cleanup_time = 60

[cli]
# In what way should the cli access the API. The LocalClient will use the
# database directly, while the json_client will use the api running on the
# webserver
api_client = airflow.api.client.json_client
endpoint_url = http://0.0.0.0:8080

[api]
# How to authenticate users of the API
auth_backend = airflow.api.auth.backend.default

[operators]
# The default owner assigned to each new operator, unless
# provided explicitly or passed via `default_args`
default_owner = Airflow
default_cpus = 1
default_ram = 125
default_disk = 125
default_gpus = 0


[webserver]
# The base url of your website as airflow cannot guess what domain or
# cname you are using. This is used in automated emails that
# airflow sends to point links to the right web server
base_url = http://localhost:8080

authenticate = False
auth_backend = airflow.contrib.auth.backends.password_auth

# The ip specified when starting the web server
web_server_host = 0.0.0.0

# The port on which to run the web server
web_server_port = 8080

# Paths to the SSL certificate and key for the web server. When both are
# provided SSL will be enabled. This does not change the web server port.
web_server_ssl_cert =
web_server_ssl_key =

# Number of seconds the gunicorn webserver waits before timing out on a worker
web_server_worker_timeout = 120

# Number of workers to refresh at a time. When set to 0, worker refresh is
# disabled. When nonzero, airflow periodically refreshes webserver workers by
# bringing up new ones and killing old ones.
worker_refresh_batch_size = 1

# Number of seconds to wait before refreshing a batch of workers.
worker_refresh_interval = 30

# Secret key used to run your flask app
secret_key = temporary_key

# Number of workers to run the Gunicorn web server
workers = 4

# The worker class gunicorn should use. Choices include
# sync (default), eventlet, gevent
worker_class = sync

# Log files for the gunicorn webserver. '-' means log to stderr.
access_logfile = -
error_logfile = -

# Expose the configuration file in the web server
expose_config = False

# Set to true to turn on authentication:
# http://pythonhosted.org/airflow/security.html#web-authentication
#authenticate = False

# Filter the list of dags by owner name (requires authentication to be enabled)
filter_by_owner = False

# Filtering mode. Choices include user (default) and ldapgroup.
# Ldap group filtering requires using the ldap backend
#
# Note that the ldap server needs the "memberOf" overlay to be set up
# in order to user the ldapgroup mode.
owner_mode = user

# Default DAG view.  Valid values are:
# tree, graph, duration, gantt, landing_times
dag_default_view = graph

# Default DAG orientation. Valid values are:
# LR (Left->Right), TB (Top->Bottom), RL (Right->Left), BT (Bottom->Top)
dag_orientation = LR

# Puts the webserver in demonstration mode; blurs the names of Operators for
# privacy.
demo_mode = False

# The amount of time (in secs) webserver will wait for initial handshake
# while fetching logs from other worker machine
log_fetch_timeout_sec = 5

# By default, the webserver shows paused DAGs. Flip this to hide paused
# DAGs by default
hide_paused_dags_by_default = True

# Consistent page size across all listing views in the UI
page_size = 40

[email]
email_backend = airflow.utils.email.send_email_smtp


[smtp]
# If you want airflow to send emails on retries, failure, and you want to use
# the airflow.utils.email.send_email_smtp function, you have to configure an
# smtp server here
smtp_host = smtp.gmail.com
smtp_starttls = True
smtp_ssl = False
# Uncomment and set the user/pass settings if you want to use SMTP AUTH
#smtp_user = airflow
#smtp_password = airflow
smtp_port = 25
smtp_mail_from = airflow@example.com


[celery]
# This section only applies if you are using the CeleryExecutor in
# [core] section above

# The app name that will be used by celery
celery_app_name = airflow.executors.celery_executor

# The concurrency that will be used when starting workers with the
# "airflow worker" command. This defines the number of task instances that
# a worker will take, so size up your workers based on the resources on
# your worker box and the nature of your tasks
celeryd_concurrency = 16

# When you start an airflow worker, airflow starts a tiny web server
# subprocess to serve the workers local log files to the airflow main
# web server, who then builds pages and sends them to users. This defines
# the port on which the logs are served. It needs to be unused, and open
# visible from the main web server to connect into the workers.
worker_log_server_port = 8793

# The Celery broker URL. Celery supports RabbitMQ, Redis and experimentally
# a sqlalchemy database. Refer to the Celery documentation for more
# information.
broker_url = sqla+mysql://user:pass@127.0.0.1/airflow_db

# Another key Celery setting
celery_result_backend = db+mysql://user:pass@127.0.0.1/airflow_db

# Celery Flower is a sweet UI for Celery. Airflow has a shortcut to start
# it `airflow flower`. This defines the IP that Celery Flower runs on
flower_host = 0.0.0.0

# This defines the port that Celery Flower runs on
flower_port = 5555

# Default queue that tasks get assigned to and that worker listen on.
default_queue = default

# Import path for celery configuration options
celery_config_options = airflow.config_templates.default_celery.DEFAULT_CELERY_CONFIG

[dask]
# This section only applies if you are using the DaskExecutor in
# [core] section above

# The IP address and port of the Dask cluster's scheduler.
cluster_address = 127.0.0.1:8786


[scheduler]
# Task instances listen for external kill signal (when you clear tasks
# from the CLI or the UI), this defines the frequency at which they should
# listen (in seconds).
job_heartbeat_sec = 20

# The scheduler constantly tries to trigger new tasks (look at the
# scheduler section in the docs for more information). This defines
# how often the scheduler should run (in seconds).
scheduler_heartbeat_sec = 60

# after how much time should the scheduler terminate in seconds
# -1 indicates to run continuously (see also num_runs)
run_duration = -1

# after how much time a new DAGs should be picked up from the filesystem
min_file_process_interval = 5

dag_dir_list_interval = 300

# How often should stats be printed to the logs
print_stats_interval = 30

child_process_log_directory = /airflow/logs/scheduler

# Local task jobs periodically heartbeat to the DB. If the job has
# not heartbeat in this many seconds, the scheduler will mark the
# associated task instance as failed and will re-schedule the task.
scheduler_zombie_task_threshold = 300

# Turn off scheduler catchup by setting this to False.
# Default behavior is unchanged and
# Command Line Backfills still work, but the scheduler
# will not do scheduler catchup if this is False,
# however it can be set on a per DAG basis in the
# DAG definition (catchup)
catchup_by_default = False

# This changes the batch size of queries in the scheduling main loop.
# This depends on query length limits and how long you are willing to hold locks.
# 0 for no limit
max_tis_per_query = 256

# Statsd (https://github.com/etsy/statsd) integration settings
statsd_on = False
statsd_host = localhost
statsd_port = 8125
statsd_prefix = airflow

# The scheduler can run multiple threads in parallel to schedule dags.
# This defines how many threads will run.
max_threads = 12

authenticate = False

[ldap]
# set this to ldaps://<your.ldap.server>:<port>
uri =
user_filter = objectClass=*
user_name_attr = uid
group_member_attr = memberOf
superuser_filter =
data_profiler_filter =
bind_user = cn=Manager,dc=example,dc=com
bind_password = insecure
basedn = dc=example,dc=com
cacert = /etc/ca/ldap_ca.crt
search_scope = LEVEL

[mesos]
# Mesos master address which MesosExecutor will connect to.
master = localhost:5050

# The framework name which Airflow scheduler will register itself as on mesos
framework_name = Airflow

# Number of cpu cores required for running one task instance using
# 'airflow run <dag_id> <task_id> <execution_date> --local -p <pickle_id>'
# command on a mesos slave
task_cpu = 1

# Memory in MB required for running one task instance using
# 'airflow run <dag_id> <task_id> <execution_date> --local -p <pickle_id>'
# command on a mesos slave
task_memory = 256

# Enable framework checkpointing for mesos
# See http://mesos.apache.org/documentation/latest/slave-recovery/
checkpoint = False

# Failover timeout in milliseconds.
# When checkpointing is enabled and this option is set, Mesos waits
# until the configured timeout for
# the MesosExecutor framework to re-register after a failover. Mesos
# shuts down running tasks if the
# MesosExecutor framework fails to re-register within this timeframe.
# failover_timeout = 604800

# Enable framework authentication for mesos
# See http://mesos.apache.org/documentation/latest/configuration/
authenticate = False

# Mesos credentials, if authentication is enabled
# default_principal = admin
# default_secret = admin


[kerberos]
ccache = /tmp/airflow_krb5_ccache
# gets augmented with fqdn
principal = airflow
reinit_frequency = 3600
kinit_path = kinit
keytab = airflow.keytab


[github_enterprise]
api_rev = v3


[admin]
# UI to hide sensitive variable fields when set to True
hide_sensitive_variable_fields = True

我们在这里做错了什么？

Answer 1

The size shown in RSS field is in KB .第一个进程使用大约 265 MB，而不是超过 10 GB。
MEM字段以百分比显示内存使用情况，而不是 GB。 28 GB 的 0.9% 是 252 MB。您可以使用 free 查看有关内存的统计信息命令。

见 http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/ps.1.html .简而言之，破坏系统的并不是过度利用资源。