macos - 我的目标与 brew 中的库动态链接。如何捆绑分发？

Question

我构建了一个音频插件。我的目标 .app和 .component .

我动态链接到 brew 安装的库，libfluidsynth .

我复制了 libfluidsynth进.app/.component .
我用过 install_name_tool重新链接二进制文件以指向捆绑的 libfluidsynth .
libfluidsynth取决于 glib , gthread , intl .
我将这些库复制到包中，重新链接 libfluidsynth更喜欢捆绑的副本。
我也对这些库及其依赖项做了同样的事情。

快速浏览一下它的外观:

ls /Users/me/git/juicysfplugin/Builds/MacOSX/build/Release/juicysfplugin.app/Contents/Frameworks
    libfluidsynth.1.7.1.dylib
    libglib-2.0.0.dylib
    libgthread-2.0.0.dylib
    libintl.8.dylib
    libpcre.1.dylib

otool -L \
/Users/me/git/juicysfplugin/Builds/MacOSX/build/Release/juicysfplugin.app/Contents/MacOS/juicysfplugin \
/Users/me/git/juicysfplugin/Builds/MacOSX/build/Release/juicysfplugin.app/Contents/Frameworks/* \
| grep -vE '\t(/System/Library|/usr/lib)'

/Users/me/git/juicysfplugin/Builds/MacOSX/build/Release/juicysfplugin.app/Contents/MacOS/juicysfplugin:
    @executable_path/../Frameworks/libfluidsynth.1.7.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.7.1)
/Users/me/git/juicysfplugin/Builds/MacOSX/build/Release/juicysfplugin.app/Contents/Frameworks/libfluidsynth.1.7.1.dylib:
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libfluidsynth.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.7.1)
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libgthread-2.0.0.dylib (compatibility version 5401.0.0, current version 5401.3.0)
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libglib-2.0.0.dylib (compatibility version 5401.0.0, current version 5401.3.0)
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libintl.8.dylib (compatibility version 10.0.0, current version 10.5.0)
/Users/me/git/juicysfplugin/Builds/MacOSX/build/Release/juicysfplugin.app/Contents/Frameworks/libglib-2.0.0.dylib:
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libglib-2.0.0.dylib (compatibility version 5401.0.0, current version 5401.3.0)
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libpcre.1.dylib (compatibility version 4.0.0, current version 4.9.0)
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libintl.8.dylib (compatibility version 10.0.0, current version 10.5.0)
/Users/me/git/juicysfplugin/Builds/MacOSX/build/Release/juicysfplugin.app/Contents/Frameworks/libgthread-2.0.0.dylib:
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libgthread-2.0.0.dylib (compatibility version 5401.0.0, current version 5401.3.0)
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libglib-2.0.0.dylib (compatibility version 5401.0.0, current version 5401.3.0)
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libpcre.1.dylib (compatibility version 4.0.0, current version 4.9.0)
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libintl.8.dylib (compatibility version 10.0.0, current version 10.5.0)
/Users/me/git/juicysfplugin/Builds/MacOSX/build/Release/juicysfplugin.app/Contents/Frameworks/libintl.8.dylib:
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libintl.8.dylib (compatibility version 10.0.0, current version 10.5.0)
/Users/me/git/juicysfplugin/Builds/MacOSX/build/Release/juicysfplugin.app/Contents/Frameworks/libpcre.1.dylib:
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libpcre.1.dylib (compatibility version 4.0.0, current version 4.9.0)

这对 .app 非常有效 .在这里，查看打开的文件( opensnoop | grep 'dylib' ):

EXECNAME      PATH
juicysfplugin  juicysfplugin.app/Contents/MacOS/../Frameworks/libfluidsynth.1.7.1.dylib
juicysfplugin  juicysfplugin.app/Contents/MacOS/../Frameworks/../Frameworks/libgthread-2.0.0.dylib
juicysfplugin  juicysfplugin.app/Contents/MacOS/../Frameworks/../Frameworks/libglib-2.0.0.dylib
juicysfplugin  juicysfplugin.app/Contents/MacOS/../Frameworks/../Frameworks/libintl.8.dylib
juicysfplugin  juicysfplugin.app/Contents/MacOS/../Frameworks/../Frameworks/../Frameworks/libpcre.1.dylib

.app仅在其捆绑的 Frameworks 文件夹中查找 dylib。完美的。

然后我在我的 .component 上做了同样的复制和重新链接。目标。 这没有用。

我加载了 .component进入音频插件主机，并检查文件打开:

EXECNAME     PATH
Plugin Host  /Users/me/Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/Components/juicysfplugin.component/Contents/MacOS/juicysfplugin
Plugin Host  /usr/local/lib/libfluidsynth.1.7.1.dylib
Plugin Host  /usr/local/opt/glib/lib/libgthread-2.0.0.dylib
Plugin Host  /usr/local/opt/glib/lib/libglib-2.0.0.dylib
Plugin Host  /usr/local/opt/gettext/lib/libintl.8.dylib
Plugin Host  /usr/local/opt/pcre/lib/libpcre.1.dylib

它正在寻找 /usr/local 下的图书馆.为什么？作为健全性检查，我使用了 otool确认我确实链接正确:

otool -L \
/Users/me/Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/Components/juicysfplugin.component/Contents/MacOS/juicysfplugin \
/Users/me/Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/Components/juicysfplugin.component/Contents/Frameworks/* \
| grep -vE '\t(/System/Library|/usr/lib)'

/Users/me/Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/Components/juicysfplugin.component/Contents/MacOS/juicysfplugin:
    @executable_path/../Frameworks/libfluidsynth.1.7.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.7.1)
/Users/me/Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/Components/juicysfplugin.component/Contents/Frameworks/libfluidsynth.1.7.1.dylib:
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libfluidsynth.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.7.1)
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libgthread-2.0.0.dylib (compatibility version 5401.0.0, current version 5401.3.0)
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libglib-2.0.0.dylib (compatibility version 5401.0.0, current version 5401.3.0)
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libintl.8.dylib (compatibility version 10.0.0, current version 10.5.0)
/Users/me/Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/Components/juicysfplugin.component/Contents/Frameworks/libglib-2.0.0.dylib:
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libglib-2.0.0.dylib (compatibility version 5401.0.0, current version 5401.3.0)
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libpcre.1.dylib (compatibility version 4.0.0, current version 4.9.0)
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libintl.8.dylib (compatibility version 10.0.0, current version 10.5.0)
/Users/me/Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/Components/juicysfplugin.component/Contents/Frameworks/libgthread-2.0.0.dylib:
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libgthread-2.0.0.dylib (compatibility version 5401.0.0, current version 5401.3.0)
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libglib-2.0.0.dylib (compatibility version 5401.0.0, current version 5401.3.0)
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libpcre.1.dylib (compatibility version 4.0.0, current version 4.9.0)
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libintl.8.dylib (compatibility version 10.0.0, current version 10.5.0)
/Users/me/Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/Components/juicysfplugin.component/Contents/Frameworks/libintl.8.dylib:
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libintl.8.dylib (compatibility version 10.0.0, current version 10.5.0)
/Users/me/Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/Components/juicysfplugin.component/Contents/Frameworks/libpcre.1.dylib:
    @loader_path/../Frameworks/libpcre.1.dylib (compatibility version 4.0.0, current version 4.9.0)

我以为我正确链接了它。我使用了完全相同的脚本(它是自动化的和参数化的)。 我究竟做错了什么？音频插件主机如何知道在 /usr/local 下查找依赖项?为什么我的图书馆链接被忽略了？

我已将二进制文件发布到: https://github.com/Birch-san/juicysfplugin/releases/tag/1.0.1

我的重新链接脚本在这里: https://github.com/Birch-san/juicysfplugin/blob/master/Builds/MacOSX/relink-build-for-distribution.sh
.app的主要区别如何和 .component使用的目标是:

.app是独立的

.component是一个音频单元插件，您可以将其加载到 DAW/音频插件主机中。

那么，当父进程负责加载我们的可执行文件时，运行时依赖解析可能会有所不同？

Answer 1

好的，我 got it working .

macOS 加载时链接记录在 man dyld .

问题是我告诉我的二进制文件查找与 @executable_path 相关的库。 .

这适用于 .app，因为 .app 的二进制文件 是 可执行文件。

但是对于我的 .vst 和 .component 插件，二进制文件被加载到不同的可执行文件中:音频插件主机。

因此，如果我们要查找与二进制文件 ( juicysfplugin.component/Contents/MacOS/juicysfplugin ) 相关的库，则 我们需要使用 @loader_path ，不是 @executable_path .

现在，回到其他谜团……为什么加载时链接器忽略我的安装路径( @executable_path/../Frameworks/libfluidsynth.1.7.1.dylib )，而是在 /usr/local/lib/libfluidsynth.1.7.1.dylib 下寻找 find fluidsynth | ?

这是因为DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH !

It is used as the default location for libraries not found in their install path. By default, it is set to $(HOME)/lib:/usr/local/lib:/lib:/usr/lib.

我相信它 失败 在安装路径中找到库。然后它寻找那个叶子文件名—— libfluidsynth.1.7.1.dylib — 在几个目录下，包括 /usr/local/lib (成功了)。

为什么我在 opensnoop 中没有看到失败的文件查找？可能它使用了与 open 不同的系统调用/ open_nocancel/ open_extended .例如，运行 stat在文件上没有显示在 opensnoop 中。

加载时链接也可能由 dyld 完成过程。 SIP 将不允许将 DTrace 附加到此进程。