更新实体时出现 java.sql.SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException

Question

我是 JPA 的新手，遇到以下问题，可能是因为对级联和关联的理解不够？我有两个处于双向 OneToMany - ManyToOne 关联中的实体:

@Entity
public class TestRun implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Long id;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public TestRun(){

    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    @ManyToOne(optional=false, cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE})
    private Test performedTest;

    public Test getPerformedTest() {
        return performedTest;
    }

    public void setPerformedTest(Test performedTest) {
        this.performedTest = performedTest;
    }
    .....

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object object) {
        if (!(object instanceof TestRun)) {
            return false;
        }
        TestRun other = (TestRun) object;
        if ((this.id == null && other.id != null) || (this.id != null && !this.id.equals(other.id))) {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "TestRun[ id=" + id + " ]";
    }
}

并且:

  @Entity
    public class Test implements Serializable {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        @Id
        @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
        private Integer id;

        @Basic(optional=false) 
        @Column(nullable=false)
         private String name;

        @OneToMany(mappedBy="performedTest", cascade={CascadeType.MERGE, CascadeType.PERSIST})
        private Collection<TestRun> appearsOnTestRuns;

        public Collection<TestRun> getAppearsOnTestRuns() {
            return appearsOnTestRuns;
        }

        public void setAppearsOnTestRuns(Collection<TestRun> appearsOnTestRuns) {
            this.appearsOnTestRuns = appearsOnTestRuns;
        }
        //id based equals and hashcode
    ...
    }

这种关系意味着我有一组执行了多次的测试，每次都与一个测试运行相关联。要创建 TestRun，我使用以下方法:

public void createTestRun(String name){
    Test testPerformed = ejb.findByName(name); //Returns null iff forTest is not in the DB--> INSERT new Test
    if (testPerformed == null){
        testPerformed = EntityFactory.newTest(name);//I set the name for test
    }
    TestRun run = EntityFactory.newTestRun(testPerformed);
    ejb.persist(run);
}

public class EntityFactory{
    public static TestRun newTestRun(Test test){
        TestRun run = new TestRun();
        run.setPerformedTest(test);
        return run;
    }
    public static Test newTest(String name){
        Test test = new Test();
        test.setName(name);
        return test;
    }
}

当 createTestRun 处理一个新的 Test(插入)时，Test 对象和 TestRun 一样被正确地持久化。但是当测试已经存在时，JPA(在我的例子中是 EclipseLink)无论如何都会尝试执行 INSERT:

....
Caused by: Exception [EclipseLink-4002] (Eclipse Persistence Services - 2.2.0.v20110202-r8913): org.eclipse.persistence.exceptions.DatabaseException
Internal Exception: java.sql.SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException: The statement was aborted because it would have caused a duplicate key value in a unique or primary key constraint or unique index identified by 'SQL110705102925930' defined on 'TEST'.
Error Code: -1
Call: INSERT INTO TEST (ID, NAME) VALUES (?, ?)

幕后发生了什么？问题是否与 Test 的 appearsOnTestRuns 属性有关？为什么 JPA 不理解 Test 已经存在于 DB 中(毕竟 id 属性是在 find 操作期间设置的，equals() 使用此值来决定 2 个 Tests 是否相等..)非常感谢你的帮助! :)

PS:您是否知道对这些概念进行了广泛解释的好教程/书籍？

Answer 1

首先，您应该检查整个 createTestRun 方法(它找到测试，在必要时创建它，然后创建 TestRun 实例并保存它)在单个事务中运行。

并且您的 newTestRun 方法应该初始化关系的两侧，这是双向的。开发人员有责任维护实体图的连贯性。它应该这样做:

public static TestRun newTestRun(Test test){
    TestRun run = new TestRun();
    run.setPerformedTest(test);
    test.getAppearsOnTestRuns().add(run);
    return run;
}