lua - 'for in '循环调用在Lua中有作用吗？

Question

Programming in Lua中有一段代码让我很困惑

local iterator   -- to be defined later
function allwords ()
  local state = {line = io.read(), pos = 1}
  return iterator, state
end

function iterator (state)
  while state.line do        -- repeat while there are lines
    -- search for next word
    local s, e = string.find(state.line, "%w+", state.pos)
    if s then                -- found a word?
      -- update next position (after this word)
      state.pos = e + 1
      return string.sub(state.line, s, e)
    else    -- word not found
      state.line = io.read() -- try next line...
      state.pos = 1          -- ... from first position
    end
  end
  return nil                 -- no more lines: end loop
end
--here is the way I use this iterator:
for i ,s in allwords() do
     print (i)
end

似乎“for in”循环使用参数状态隐式调用函数迭代器: 我(小号)

谁能告诉我，发生了什么事？

Answer 1

是的。引用 Lua Manual

The generic for statement works over functions, called iterators. On each iteration, the iterator function is called to produce a new value, stopping when this new value is nil.

通用的 for 语句只是一个语法糖:

A for statement like

for var_1, ···, var_n in explist do block end

is equivalent to the code:

do
   local f, s, var = explist
   while true do
     local var_1, ···, var_n = f(s, var)
     if var_1 == nil then break end
     var = var_1
     block
   end
 end