python - 如何将 pip 安装到 ubuntu 容器中，同时将层保持在最低限度？

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我有兴趣构建一个包含 pip 安装包的小型容器镜像，但不幸的是，通过 apt-get 安装 python3-pip 会将许多依赖项(348MB)拉入一个原本非常小的最小 ubuntu 镜像(我目前正在使用来自 dockerhub 的 <50MB ubuntu:xenial 图像):

root@dce44a07a6a5:/home# apt-get install python3-pip
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu build-essential cpp cpp-7 dh-python dirmngr dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-7 gcc gcc-7 gcc-7-base gir1.2-glib-2.0 gnupg gnupg-l10n
  gnupg-utils gpg gpg-agent gpg-wks-client gpg-wks-server gpgconf gpgsm libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan4 libassuan0 libatomic1 libbinutils
  libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcilkrts5 libdpkg-perl libexpat1-dev libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-7-dev libgdbm-compat4 libgdbm5 libgirepository-1.0-1 libglib2.0-0
  libglib2.0-data libgomp1 libicu60 libisl19 libitm1 libksba8 liblocale-gettext-perl liblsan0 libmpc3 libmpfr6 libmpx2 libnpth0 libperl5.26 libpython3-dev libpython3.6 libpython3.6-dev
  libquadmath0 libstdc++-7-dev libtsan0 libubsan0 libxml2 linux-libc-dev make manpages manpages-dev netbase patch perl perl-modules-5.26 pinentry-curses python-pip-whl python3-asn1crypto
  python3-cffi-backend python3-crypto python3-cryptography python3-dbus python3-dev python3-distutils python3-gi python3-idna python3-keyring python3-keyrings.alt python3-lib2to3
  python3-pkg-resources python3-secretstorage python3-setuptools python3-six python3-wheel python3-xdg python3.6-dev shared-mime-info xdg-user-dirs
Suggested packages:
  binutils-doc cpp-doc gcc-7-locales dbus-user-session libpam-systemd pinentry-gnome3 tor debian-keyring g++-multilib g++-7-multilib gcc-7-doc libstdc++6-7-dbg gcc-multilib autoconf
  automake libtool flex bison gdb gcc-doc gcc-7-multilib libgcc1-dbg libgomp1-dbg libitm1-dbg libatomic1-dbg libasan4-dbg liblsan0-dbg libtsan0-dbg libubsan0-dbg libcilkrts5-dbg
  libmpx2-dbg libquadmath0-dbg parcimonie xloadimage scdaemon glibc-doc git bzr gdbm-l10n libstdc++-7-doc make-doc man-browser ed diffutils-doc perl-doc libterm-readline-gnu-perl
  | libterm-readline-perl-perl pinentry-doc python-crypto-doc python-cryptography-doc python3-cryptography-vectors python-dbus-doc python3-dbus-dbg gnome-keyring libkf5wallet-bin
  gir1.2-gnomekeyring-1.0 python-secretstorage-doc python-setuptools-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu build-essential cpp cpp-7 dh-python dirmngr dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-7 gcc gcc-7 gcc-7-base gir1.2-glib-2.0 gnupg gnupg-l10n
  gnupg-utils gpg gpg-agent gpg-wks-client gpg-wks-server gpgconf gpgsm libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan4 libassuan0 libatomic1 libbinutils
  libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcilkrts5 libdpkg-perl libexpat1-dev libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-7-dev libgdbm-compat4 libgdbm5 libgirepository-1.0-1 libglib2.0-0
  libglib2.0-data libgomp1 libicu60 libisl19 libitm1 libksba8 liblocale-gettext-perl liblsan0 libmpc3 libmpfr6 libmpx2 libnpth0 libperl5.26 libpython3-dev libpython3.6 libpython3.6-dev
  libquadmath0 libstdc++-7-dev libtsan0 libubsan0 libxml2 linux-libc-dev make manpages manpages-dev netbase patch perl perl-modules-5.26 pinentry-curses python-pip-whl python3-asn1crypto
  python3-cffi-backend python3-crypto python3-cryptography python3-dbus python3-dev python3-distutils python3-gi python3-idna python3-keyring python3-keyrings.alt python3-lib2to3
  python3-pip python3-pkg-resources python3-secretstorage python3-setuptools python3-six python3-wheel python3-xdg python3.6-dev shared-mime-info xdg-user-dirs
0 upgraded, 98 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
Need to get 108 MB of archives.
After this operation, 348 MB of additional disk space will be used.

其中很多是用于编译 c 模块。我想知道在构建容器时是否有替代使用 pip 安装 python 模块的方法。

也许有一种编程方式来安装 pip，安装依赖项，然后在同一个 docker 层中干净地卸载 pip？

即(释义):

RUN  install_pip && pip install mymod && uninstall_pip

Answer 1

如果您必须坚持使用 ubuntu，请使用 apt-get install --no-install-recommends python3-pip .它只需要 33.9 MB，少了 10 倍。最终成像为 146M。

如果您能够使用 debian，请使用 python:3.6-slim作为基础镜像 (138M)，要进一步推送，请使用 python:alpine (78.2M)。

您可以使用 python3 -m pip uninstall pip setuptools 删除 pip对于最后两种情况，但由于层开销，它实际上使它更大。