python - 为 Python 安装准备 _tkinter 和 sqlite3(无管理员权限)

Question

我正在尝试直接从源代码构建 Python，没有管理员权限，运行后:

export CPPFLAGS='-I/opt/sqlite-3.7.16.2/include -I/opt/tk8.6.0/include
-I/opt/tcl8.6.0/include/'

export LDFLAGS='-L/opt/sqlite-3.7.16.2/lib -L/opt/tk8.6.0/lib/
-L/opt/tcl8.6.0/lib/ ./configure --prefix=/path_to_python-2.7.4 --enable-shared'

进而

make

我得到以下信息:

building '_tkinter' extension

gcc -pthread -fPIC -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DWITH_APPINIT=1 -I/usr/X11/include -I. -IInclude -I./Include -I/opt/sqlite/sqlite-3.7.16.2/include -I/opt/tk8.6.0/include -I/opt/tcl8.6.0/include -I/usr/local/include -I/opt/python/src/Python-2.7.4/Include -I/opt/python/src/Python-2.7.4 -c /opt/python/src/Python-2.7.4/Modules/_tkinter.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/opt/python/src/Python-2.7.4/Modules/_tkinter.o

gcc -pthread -fPIC -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DWITH_APPINIT=1 -I/usr/X11/include -I. -IInclude -I./Include -I/opt/sqlite/sqlite-3.7.16.2/include -I/opt/tk8.6.0/include -I/opt/tcl8.6.0/include -I/usr/local/include -I/opt/python/src/Python-2.7.4/Include -I/opt/python/src/Python-2.7.4 -c /opt/python/src/Python-2.7.4/Modules/tkappinit.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/opt/python/src/Python-2.7.4/Modules/tkappinit.o

gcc -pthread -shared -L/opt/sqlite/sqlite-3.7.16.2/lib -L/opt/tk8.6.0/lib/ -L/opt/tcl8.6.0/lib/ -L/opt/sqlite/sqlite-3.7.16.2/lib -L/opt/tk8.6.0/lib/ -L/opt/tcl8.6.0/lib/ -I. -IInclude -I./Include -I/opt/sqlite/sqlite-3.7.16.2/include -I/opt/tk8.6.0/include -I/opt/tcl8.6.0/include build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/opt/python/src/Python-2.7.4/Modules/_tkinter.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/opt/python/src/Python-2.7.4/Modules/tkappinit.o -L/usr/X11/lib -L/opt/sqlite/sqlite-3.7.16.2/lib -L/opt/tk8.6.0/lib/ -L/opt/tcl8.6.0/lib/ -L/usr/local/lib -L. -ltk8.6 -ltcl8.6 -lX11 -lpython2.7 -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/_tkinter.so

* WARNING: renaming "_tkinter" since importing it failed: libtk8.6.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

奇怪的是我可以看到 libtk8.6.so .它实际上就在 /opt/tcl8.6.0/lib 下正如我指定的 LDFLAGS .

为什么编译失败？

Answer 1

此问题发生在安装过程中 setup.py , 当 Python 尝试导入 _tkinter .如果你看一下函数build_extension ，有一个 block 说:

imp.load_dynamic(ext.name, ext_filename)

此行尝试动态加载 _tkinter (使用动态共享库 libtk8.6.so )。因此，即使编译/链接工作正常，当 Python 测试模块时，它使用动态库，我在 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 中没有 tcl/lib 或 tk/lib .一旦我添加了这些，一切都很好。

总之:
我必须通过 CPPFLAGS 添加以下包含路径

/path_to/sqlite3/include

/path_to/tcl/include

/path_to/tk/include

以下库路径通过 LDFLAGS

/path_to/sqlite3/lib

/path_to/tcl/lib

/path_to/tk/lib

以及通过 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 的以下库路径:

/path_to/sqlite3/lib

/path_to/tcl/lib

/path_to/tk/lib

有了这一切，一切正常。