latex - Latex(describe(...)) 在 knitr 下与 MiKTeX 一起工作吗？

Question

当我创建一个文件 describe.Rnw 如下:

\documentclass{article}

\begin{document}

<<results='asis'>>=
require(Hmisc)
latex(describe(cars), file="")
@


\end{document}

并尝试编译它

library(knitr)
knit2pdf("describe.Rnw")

我收到错误消息，表明由 latex(describe()) 组合创建的 Latex 存在语法错误:

LaTeX errors:
P:/r/ellisp/test/describe.tex:65: LaTeX Error: Environment spacing undefined.

See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.
Type  H <return>  for immediate help
Your command was ignored.
P:/r/ellisp/test/describe.tex:131: LaTeX Error: \begin{document} ended by \end{
spacing}.

See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.

我可以看到它生成的胶乳，粘贴在下面 - 行间距可能有问题混淆了解析？我的整个设置都是新的(实际上处于测试模式)，虽然我已经成功编译了文档，但我还是 knitr 新手，但我不知道我的设置是否也有问题。我的第一个问题是，我做错了什么还是这是一个更普遍的问题？

> latex(describe(cars), file="")
\begin{spacing}{0.7}
\begin{center}\textbf{ cars \\ 2 Variables~~~~~ 50 ~Observations}\end{center}
\smallskip\hrule\smallskip{\small
\vbox{\noindent\textbf{speed}

{\smaller
\begin{tabular}{ rrrrrrrrrrr }
n&missing&unique&Mean&.05&.10&.25&.50&.75&.90&.95 \\
50&0&19&15.4& 7.0& 8.9&12.0&15.0&19.0&23.1&24.0 \end{tabular}

\begin{verbatim}
          4 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25
Frequency 2 2 1 1  3  2  4  4  4  3  2  3  4  3  5  1  1  4  1
%         4 4 2 2  6  4  8  8  8  6  4  6  8  6 10  2  2  8  2
\end{verbatim}
}
\smallskip\hrule\smallskip
}
\vbox{\noindent\textbf{dist}\setlength{\unitlength}{0.001in}\hfill\begin{picture}(1.5,.1)(1500,0)\linethickness{0.6pt}
\put(0,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(15,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(90,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(150,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(165,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(180,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(195,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(225,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(240,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(270,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(300,0){\line(0,1){100}}
\put(330,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(375,0){\line(0,1){75}}
\put(405,0){\line(0,1){75}}
\put(420,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(480,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(495,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(555,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(570,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(600,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(630,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(660,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(675,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(735,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(780,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(810,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(825,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(855,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(930,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(990,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(1035,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(1050,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(1140,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(1155,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(1485,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\end{picture}

{\smaller
\begin{tabular}{ rrrrrrrrrrr }
n&missing&unique&Mean&.05&.10&.25&.50&.75&.90&.95 \\
50&0&35&42.98&10.00&15.80&26.00&36.00&56.00&80.40&88.85 \end{tabular}
\begin{verbatim}
lowest :   2   4  10  14  16, highest:  84  85  92  93 120 
\end{verbatim}
}
\smallskip\hrule\smallskip
}
}\end{spacing}

这是我的 session 信息:

sessionInfo() R version 3.0.1 (2013-05-16) Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)

locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_New Zealand.1252  LC_CTYPE=English_New Zealand.1252   
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_New Zealand.1252 LC_NUMERIC=C                        
[5] LC_TIME=English_New Zealand.1252    

attached base packages:
[1] splines   graphics  datasets  grid      stats     grDevices utils    
[8] methods   base     

other attached packages:
 [1] x12_1.1-0        tseries_0.10-32  stringr_0.6.2    lubridate_1.3.0 
 [5] tables_0.7       Hmisc_3.12-2     Formula_1.1-1    survival_2.37-4 
 [9] stargazer_4.0    knitr_1.2        proto_0.3-10     extrafont_0.14  
[13] Defaults_1.1-1   scales_0.2.3     reshape2_1.2.2   plyr_1.8        
[17] ggplot2_0.9.3.1  foreign_0.8-53   mvtnorm_0.9-9995

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] cluster_1.14.4     codetools_0.2-8    colorspace_1.2-2   dichromat_2.0-0   
 [5] digest_0.6.3       evaluate_0.4.4     formatR_0.9        gtable_0.1.2      
 [9] labeling_0.2       lattice_0.20-15    MASS_7.3-27        munsell_0.4.2     
[13] quadprog_1.5-5     RColorBrewer_1.0-5 rpart_4.1-1        Rttf2pt1_1.2      
[17] tools_3.0.1        zoo_1.7-10        

编辑 - 这里是由 knitr 创建的 describe.tex 文档。

\documentclass{article}\usepackage{graphicx, color}
%% maxwidth is the original width if it is less than linewidth
%% otherwise use linewidth (to make sure the graphics do not exceed the margin)
\makeatletter
\def\maxwidth{ %
  \ifdim\Gin@nat@width>\linewidth
    \linewidth
  \else
    \Gin@nat@width
  \fi
}
\makeatother

\definecolor{fgcolor}{rgb}{0.2, 0.2, 0.2}
\newcommand{\hlnumber}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0,0,0}{#1}}%
\newcommand{\hlfunctioncall}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.501960784313725,0,0.329411764705882}{\textbf{#1}}}%
\newcommand{\hlstring}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.6,0.6,1}{#1}}%
\newcommand{\hlkeyword}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0,0,0}{\textbf{#1}}}%
\newcommand{\hlargument}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.690196078431373,0.250980392156863,0.0196078431372549}{#1}}%
\newcommand{\hlcomment}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.180392156862745,0.6,0.341176470588235}{#1}}%
\newcommand{\hlroxygencomment}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.43921568627451,0.47843137254902,0.701960784313725}{#1}}%
\newcommand{\hlformalargs}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.690196078431373,0.250980392156863,0.0196078431372549}{#1}}%
\newcommand{\hleqformalargs}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.690196078431373,0.250980392156863,0.0196078431372549}{#1}}%
\newcommand{\hlassignement}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0,0,0}{\textbf{#1}}}%
\newcommand{\hlpackage}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.588235294117647,0.709803921568627,0.145098039215686}{#1}}%
\newcommand{\hlslot}[1]{\textit{#1}}%
\newcommand{\hlsymbol}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0,0,0}{#1}}%
\newcommand{\hlprompt}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.2,0.2,0.2}{#1}}%

\usepackage{framed}
\makeatletter
\newenvironment{kframe}{%
 \def\at@end@of@kframe{}%
 \ifinner\ifhmode%
  \def\at@end@of@kframe{\end{minipage}}%
  \begin{minipage}{\columnwidth}%
 \fi\fi%
 \def\FrameCommand##1{\hskip\@totalleftmargin \hskip-\fboxsep
 \colorbox{shadecolor}{##1}\hskip-\fboxsep
     % There is no \\@totalrightmargin, so:
     \hskip-\linewidth \hskip-\@totalleftmargin \hskip\columnwidth}%
 \MakeFramed {\advance\hsize-\width
   \@totalleftmargin\z@ \linewidth\hsize
   \@setminipage}}%
 {\par\unskip\endMakeFramed%
 \at@end@of@kframe}
\makeatother

\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{.97, .97, .97}
\definecolor{messagecolor}{rgb}{0, 0, 0}
\definecolor{warningcolor}{rgb}{1, 0, 1}
\definecolor{errorcolor}{rgb}{1, 0, 0}
\newenvironment{knitrout}{}{} % an empty environment to be redefined in TeX

\usepackage{alltt}
\IfFileExists{upquote.sty}{\usepackage{upquote}}{}

\begin{document}

\begin{kframe}
\begin{alltt}
\hlfunctioncall{require}(Hmisc)
\hlfunctioncall{latex}(\hlfunctioncall{describe}(cars), file = \hlstring{""})
\end{alltt}
\end{kframe}\begin{spacing}{0.7}
\begin{center}\textbf{ cars \\ 2 Variables~~~~~ 50 ~Observations}\end{center}
\smallskip\hrule\smallskip{\small
\vbox{\noindent\textbf{speed}

{\smaller
\begin{tabular}{ rrrrrrrrrrr }
n&missing&unique&Mean&.05&.10&.25&.50&.75&.90&.95 \\
50&0&19&15.4& 7.0& 8.9&12.0&15.0&19.0&23.1&24.0 \end{tabular}

\begin{verbatim}
          4 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25
Frequency 2 2 1 1  3  2  4  4  4  3  2  3  4  3  5  1  1  4  1
%         4 4 2 2  6  4  8  8  8  6  4  6  8  6 10  2  2  8  2
\end{verbatim}
}
\smallskip\hrule\smallskip
}
\vbox{\noindent\textbf{dist}\setlength{\unitlength}{0.001in}\hfill\begin{picture}(1.5,.1)(1500,0)\linethickness{0.6pt}
\put(0,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(15,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(90,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(150,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(165,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(180,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(195,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(225,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(240,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(270,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(300,0){\line(0,1){100}}
\put(330,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(375,0){\line(0,1){75}}
\put(405,0){\line(0,1){75}}
\put(420,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(480,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(495,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(555,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(570,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(600,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(630,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(660,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(675,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(735,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(780,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(810,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(825,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(855,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(930,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(990,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(1035,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(1050,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(1140,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(1155,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(1485,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\end{picture}

{\smaller
\begin{tabular}{ rrrrrrrrrrr }
n&missing&unique&Mean&.05&.10&.25&.50&.75&.90&.95 \\
50&0&35&42.98&10.00&15.80&26.00&36.00&56.00&80.40&88.85 \end{tabular}
\begin{verbatim}
lowest :   2   4  10  14  16, highest:  84  85  92  93 120 
\end{verbatim}
}
\smallskip\hrule\smallskip
}
}\end{spacing}





\end{document}

Answer 1

自 spacing环境未定义，添加

\usepackage{setspace}

到你的序言，因为 setspace 定义 spacing .