perl - 为什么会出现 "Can not locate Debconf/Log.pm in @INC"问题？我刚刚将/usr/bin/perl 修改为我安装的 perl

Question

系统是 Ubuntu。/usr/bin/中有一个 perl，版本是 5.18.2。
在这种状态下，我尝试通过“sudo apt-get install **”安装了很多软件，一切正常。

但是几天前，我在另一个安装了一个新的 perl
目录(/share/Software/perl-5.26.0/bin/perl)。我删除了原来的 perl，然后将新的 perl 链接到/use/bin/。命令是:

sudo mv /usr/bin/perl /usr/bin/old/; (the old/ directory was make before)
sudo ln -s /share/Software/perl-5.26.0/bin/perl /usr/bin/perl

之后，当我通过 apt-get 安装系统软件时，我得到了错误信息。错误如下:

1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
debconf: Perl may be unconfigured (Can't locate Debconf/Log.pm in @INC (you may need to install the Debconf::Log module) (@INC contains: /share/Software/perl-5.26.0/lib/site_perl/5.26.0/x86_64-linux /share/Software/perl-5.26.0/lib/site_perl/5.26.0 /share/Software/perl-5.26.0/lib/5.26.0/x86_64-linux /share/Software/perl-5.26.0/lib/5.26.0) at (eval 1) line 4.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at (eval 1) line 4.
) -- aborting
Setting up doc-base (0.10.5) ...
Can't locate Debian/DocBase/Common.pm in @INC (you may need to install the Debian::DocBase::Common module) (@INC contains: /share/Software/perl-5.26.0/lib/site_perl/5.26.0/x86_64-linux /share/Software/perl-5.26.0/lib/site_perl/5.26.0 /share/Software/perl-5.26.0/lib/5.26.0/x86_64-linux /share/Software/perl-5.26.0/lib/5.26.0) at /usr/sbin/install-docs line 8.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /usr/sbin/install-docs line 8.

有的软件可以安装成功，有的不能。
如果我把perl放回前面，又正常了。 (那一定是!)

模块“Debconf::Log”位于/share/Software/perl-5.26.0/lib/perl5，但我找不到 Debian/DocBase/Common.pm。
/share/Software/perl-5.26.0/lib/perl5 的路径在 perl 的 @INC 里面。为什么它找不到呢？

我什至认为这是安装 perl 时的问题。安装 perl 时出现以下错误:(“make test”)

Useless use of single ref constructor in void context at op/gv.t line 1191.
In file included from ../../../../perl.h:5644:0,
                 from ExtTest.xs:2:
ExtTest.c: In function ‘XS_ExtTest_constant’:
../../../../embed.h:691:40: warning: ‘pv’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
 #define sv_setpvn(a,b,c) Perl_sv_setpvn(aTHX_ a,b,c)
                                        ^
ExtTest.xs:420:14: note: ‘pv’ was declared here
  const char *pv;
              ^
In file included from ../../../../perl.h:5644:0,
                 from ExtTest.xs:2:
../../../../embed.h:691:40: warning: ‘iv’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
 #define sv_setpvn(a,b,c) Perl_sv_setpvn(aTHX_ a,b,c)
                                        ^
ExtTest.xs:418:6: note: ‘iv’ was declared here
  IV  iv;
      ^
In file included from ../../../../perl.h:5644:0,
                 from ExtTest.xs:2:
ExtTest.c: In function ‘XS_ExtTest_constant’:
../../../../embed.h:691:40: warning: ‘pv’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
 #define sv_setpvn(a,b,c) Perl_sv_setpvn(aTHX_ a,b,c)
                                        ^
ExtTest.xs:194:14: note: ‘pv’ was declared here
  const char *pv;
              ^
In file included from ../../../../perl.h:5644:0,
                 from ExtTest.xs:2:
ExtTest.c: In function ‘XS_ExtTest_constant’:
../../../../embed.h:675:42: warning: ‘iv’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
 #define sv_setiv_mg(a,b) Perl_sv_setiv_mg(aTHX_ a,b)
                                          ^
ExtTest.xs:166:6: note: ‘iv’ was declared here
  IV  iv;
      ^
#   Failed test 'cp updated mtime'
#   at t/cp.t line 26.
#     '38'
#         <=
#     '1'
# Looks like you failed 1 test of 1.
Request to remove file /share/Software/perl-5.26.0-src/cpan/File-Temp/suffixOEXZVr.dat could not be completed since it is not there!
 at t/mktemp.t line 75.
# parser guessed wrong encoding expected 'CP1252' got 'UTF-8'

#   Failed test 'File 1 atime set correctly'
#   at t/utime.t line 113.
#     '37.684463262558'
#         <
#     '0.1'
#   Failed test 'File 1 mtime set correctly'
#   at t/utime.t line 114.
#     '37.684463262558'
#         <
#     '0.1'
#   Failed test 'File 2 atime set correctly'
#   at t/utime.t line 118.
#     '37.684463262558'
#         <
#     '0.1'
#   Failed test 'File 2 mtime set correctly'
#   at t/utime.t line 119.
#     '37.684463262558'
#         <
#     '0.1'
# Looks like you failed 4 tests of 18.
Can't open copy1-87150: Permission denied at ../lib/File/Copy.t line 326.
# Looks like your test exited with 13 just after 366.
Failed 3 tests out of 2449, 99.88% okay.
### Since not all tests were successful, you may want to run some of
### them individually and examine any diagnostic messages they produce.
### See the INSTALL document's section on "make test".
### You have a good chance to get more information by running
###   ./perl harness
### in the 't' directory since most (>=80%) of the tests succeeded.
### You may have to set your dynamic library search path,
### LD_LIBRARY_PATH, to point to the build directory:
###   setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH `pwd`:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH; cd t; ./perl harness
###   LD_LIBRARY_PATH=`pwd`:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH; cd t; ./perl harness
###   export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=`pwd`:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH; cd t; ./perl harness
### for csh-style shells, like tcsh; or for traditional/modern
### Bourne-style shells, like bash, ksh, and zsh, respectively.
make: *** [test] Error 1

Answer 1

每个 Perl 都用几个 @INC 编译它将在其中搜索模块的目录。错误消息说明搜索了哪些目录:

@INC contains:
/share/Software/perl-5.26.0/lib/site_perl/5.26.0/x86_64-linux
/share/Software/perl-5.26.0/lib/site_perl/5.26.0
/share/Software/perl-5.26.0/lib/5.26.0/x86_64-linux
/share/Software/perl-5.26.0/lib/5.26.0

这不包括 APT 为 Perl 安装模块的目录，例如在 /usr/lib 下.

但是，添加这些目录将无济于事。有些模块是为特定的 Perl 版本编译的。您不能就地升级 Perl，而必须重新安装所有模块。由于 APT 包含预先构建的模块，因此您不能将通过 APT 安装的模块与自定义 Perl 一起使用。

因此:离开系统 Perl，因为 Ubuntu 依赖于它的正常运行。在旁边安装另一个 Perl 是安全的，例如通过 perlbrew .将自定义 Perl 添加到 PATH 是安全的，例如通过 perlbrew switch .这还将修复第二个 Perl 工作所需的几个额外的环境变量。