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r - S4 类 : arguments passed to new() don't go into their slots

转载 作者:行者123 更新时间:2023-12-04 18:39:05 24 4
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我正在用 S4 类构建 R 包,但在使用 new 时遇到了问题功能。我有一个类(class)叫 Configs

setClass("Configs", 
slots = list(
burnin = "numeric",
chains = "numeric",
features = "numeric",
iterations = "numeric",
mphtol = "numeric",
samples = "numeric",
seed = "numeric",
thin = "numeric",
verbose = "numeric"
),
prototype = list(
burnin = 0,
chains = 2,
features = 5,
iterations = 5,
mphtol = 1e-4,
samples = 3,
seed = sample(1e6, 1),
thin = 0,
verbose = 0
)
)

当我将这部分加载到我的全局环境中时,我可以创建一个新的 Configs插槽与默认值不同的对象。
> new("Configs", features = 1000)
An object of class "Configs"
Slot "burnin":
[1] 0

Slot "chains":
[1] 2

Slot "features":
[1] 1000

Slot "iterations":
[1] 5

Slot "mphtol":
[1] 1e-04

Slot "samples":
[1] 3

Slot "seed":
[1] 437211

Slot "thin":
[1] 0

Slot "verbose":
[1] 0

但是,当我安装整个包时,将其加载到新环境中,然后运行 ​​ new("Configs", features = 1000) , 我得到一个 features 5. 为什么不 new()再把值放在插槽中?

我的包裹通过了 R CMD check没有任何错误、警告或注释。这是我的 session 信息。
> sessionInfo()
R version 3.2.0 (2015-04-16)
Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
Running under: CentOS release 6.6 (Final)

locale:
[1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 LC_NUMERIC=C
[3] LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8 LC_COLLATE=en_US.UTF-8
[5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8
[7] LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8 LC_NAME=C
[9] LC_ADDRESS=C LC_TELEPHONE=C
[11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C

attached base packages:
[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base

other attached packages:
[1] heterosis_0.0 pracma_1.8.3 MCMCpack_1.3-3 MASS_7.3-40 coda_0.17-1

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] tools_3.2.0 grid_3.2.0 lattice_0.20-31

编辑:我明白了,但我仍然不满意。

原来我的 initialize功能导致问题。
setMethod("initialize", "Configs", function(.Object, ...){ 
# .Object = new("Configs", ...)
validObject(.Object)
return(.Object)
})

当我删除它时, new再次将东西放入插槽中。我很高兴我发现了这个问题,但我不想完全删除我的初始化函数。我想要一种方便的方法来调用 validObject 并进行其他错误检查,还有 initialize似乎是一个适当和合适的地方。如果我取消注释注释行,我会得到无限递归。如何在不破坏的情况下创建构造函数 new ?

最佳答案

initialize()是双重目的——初始化和复制构造。提供显式构造函数通常更好(也为用户提供更多信息)

.A = setClass("A", representation(x="numeric"))

A = function(x=numeric(), ...)
.A(x=x, ...)
validOjbect()当对象创建涉及插槽分配时,由默认 initialize 方法调用,因此无需在您自己的 initialize 方法期间显式调用它(见下文);也许你会有
.A = setClass("A", representation(x="numeric"),
prototype=prototype(x=NA_integer_))

setValidity("A", function(object) {
if (length(object@x) != 1L)
"'x' must be length 1"
else TRUE
})

A = function(x=NA_integer_, ...)
## signature is informative -- 'x' is integer(1), not just '...'
## coercion (e.g., as.integer(), below) and other set-up
new("A", x=as.integer(x), ...)


> A()
An object of class "A"
Slot "x":
[1] NA

> A(x=1)
An object of class "A"
Slot "x":
[1] 1

> A(x=1:2)
Error in validObject(.Object) :
invalid class "A" object: 'x' must be length 1

一个重要的警告是,当没有用户初始化的槽时,validity 方法不会被调用,所以 prototype()必须定义以创建有效对象(使用 validObject(new("A")) 验证这一点。

对于您的问题,有效性函数是进行“其他错误检查”的正确位置。编写正确的初始化方法非常困难,但更接近正确的是
.B = setClass("B",
representation(x="numeric", y="numeric"),
prototype=prototype(x=NA_integer_, y=NA_real_))
setMethod("initialize", "B",
function(.Object, ..., x=.Object@x, y=.Object@y)
{
## pre-processing, then invoke 'next' initialize() method
## base initialize() creates the object then calls validObject()
## so no need for explicit test of validity
.Object <- callNextMethod(.Object, ..., x=x, y=y)
## post-processing
.Object
})

这种奇怪的结构允许 initialize()继续充当复制构造函数
> b = new("B", x=1, y=2)    # constructor
> initialize(b, x=2) # copy-constructor
An object of class "B"
Slot "x":
[1] 2

Slot "y":
[1] 2

这在类继承期间很重要。但是正如你所看到的,这很棘手——最终它真的很艰难,很少值得为获得 initialize() 而付出努力。正确的。

请注意,我们还没有完全履行 initialize()的契约(Contract)。 ,
setClass("C", representation(x="numeric", y="numeric"))  # default initialize()

当使用 new() 调用时,它实际上充当复制构造函数
> c = new("C", x=1, y=2)
> new("C", c, x=2)
An object of class "C"
Slot "x":
[1] 2

Slot "y":
[1] 2

与 B 的实现没有复制构造
> b = new("B", x=1, y=2)
> new("B", b, x=2)
An object of class "B"
Slot "x":
[1] 2

Slot "y":
[1] NA

关于r - S4 类 : arguments passed to new() don't go into their slots,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30562141/

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