mysql - Ubuntu Linux 18.04 WSL 在 Windows : MariaDB service start fails

Question

在我的 Linux WSL for Windows 中首次安装 MariaDB 存储库配置工具后(如 MariaDB Download Page 中所述)，我执行了 mysql但有一个套接字错误。 netstat -apn | grep mysql什么都不显示，表示mysql服务已停止； sudo apt list | grep *mysql-server*说明我已经安装成功了mysql-server .
但是，正如我尝试 sudo service mysql start ，命令行给出:

 * Starting MariaDB database server mysqld                 [fail]

我尝试了以下方法，但都失败了并得到了相同的答案:

使用 /etc/init.d/mysql start

删除 /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0和 /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile1

升级/var/lib/mysql的访问权限使用 chmod -R 777 /var/lib/mysql

删除 /var/lib/mysql/ 中的所有内容

使用 port=1112 更改端口设置在 /etc/my.cnf (因为我在 Windows 端有另一个 mysql)

在 /etc/my.cnf 中填写其他信息(我的配置文件在安装后最初是空的，我填写了 basedir 、 datadir 、 socket 、 log_error 和 pid-file 属性)

尝试systemctl而不是 service (这失败了，因为 Linux WSL 使用 sysvinit 而不是 systemd )

如何启动我的 MariaDB 服务？谢谢

Answer 1

我能够在 WSL1 上重现您的问题(或看起来非常相似的问题)。你能确认你使用的是 WSL1 吗？
我启动了 Ubuntu 20.04 的两个克隆实例(wsl --import 的干净备份)——一个在 WSL1 上，另一个在 WSL2 上。不幸的是，我没有一个方便的 18.04 可以使用，但我希望问题是一样的。
在 WSL2 上，一切正常。在安装步骤之后(几乎是您在评论中添加的那些，但对于 20.04)，我能够:sudo service mariadb start然后 sudo mysql -u root成功地。
然而，在 WSL1 上，MariaDB 安装似乎以一种奇怪的方式失败。它不会创建 /etc/mysql/mariadb.cnf ，这导致您看到的内容为空 /etc/mysql/my.cnf , 因为它是 mariadb.cnf 的符号链接(symbolic link).
所以我手动创建了 mariadb.cnf:sudo vi /etc/mysql/mariadb.cnf内容:

# The MariaDB configuration file
#
# The MariaDB/MySQL tools read configuration files in the following order:
# 0. "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" symlinks to this file, reason why all the rest is read.
# 1. "/etc/mysql/mariadb.cnf" (this file) to set global defaults,
# 2. "/etc/mysql/conf.d/*.cnf" to set global options.
# 3. "/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/*.cnf" to set MariaDB-only options.
# 4. "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options.
#
# If the same option is defined multiple times, the last one will apply.
#
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with
# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# If you are new to MariaDB, check out https://mariadb.com/kb/en/basic-mariadb-articles/

#
# This group is read both by the client and the server
# use it for options that affect everything
#
[client-server]
# Port or socket location where to connect
# port = 3306
socket = /run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

# Import all .cnf files from configuration directory
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
!includedir /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/

这只是默认的 mariadb.cnf这是由 WSL2 上的安装正确创建的。
尝试启动服务然后给出一个关于缺少 /etc/mysql/debian-start 的错误。 ，所以我重复了相同的复制步骤: sudo vi /etc/mysql/debian-start与内容:

#!/bin/bash
#
# This script is executed by "/etc/init.d/mariadb" on every (re)start.
#
# Changes to this file will be preserved when updating the Debian package.
#
# NOTE: This file is read only by the traditional SysV init script, not systemd.
#

source /usr/share/mysql/debian-start.inc.sh

# Read default/mysql first and then default/mariadb just like the init.d file does
if [ -f /etc/default/mysql ]; then
  . /etc/default/mysql
fi

if [ -f /etc/default/mariadb ]; then
  . /etc/default/mariadb
fi

MYSQL="/usr/bin/mysql --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf"
MYADMIN="/usr/bin/mysqladmin --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf"
# Don't run full mysql_upgrade on every server restart, use --version-check to do it only once
MYUPGRADE="/usr/bin/mysql_upgrade --defaults-extra-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf --version-check"
MYCHECK="/usr/bin/mysqlcheck --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf"
MYCHECK_SUBJECT="WARNING: mysqlcheck has found corrupt tables"
MYCHECK_PARAMS="--all-databases --fast --silent"
MYCHECK_RCPT="${MYCHECK_RCPT:-root}"

## Checking for corrupt, not cleanly closed (only for MyISAM and Aria engines) and upgrade needing tables.

# The following commands should be run when the server is up but in background
# where they do not block the server start and in one shell instance so that
# they run sequentially. They are supposed not to echo anything to stdout.
# If you want to disable the check for crashed tables comment
# "check_for_crashed_tables" out.
# (There may be no output to stdout inside the background process!)

# Need to ignore SIGHUP, as otherwise a SIGHUP can sometimes abort the upgrade
# process in the middle.
trap "" SIGHUP
(
  upgrade_system_tables_if_necessary;
  check_root_accounts;
  check_for_crashed_tables;
) >&2 &

exit 0

然后 chmod 755 /etc/mysql/debian-start之后，瞧: sudo service mariadb restart sudo mysql -u root

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 32
Server version: 10.5.8-MariaDB-1:10.5.8+maria~focal mariadb.org binary distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

鉴于您迄今为止尝试过的步骤，我建议您将几乎所有这些都吹走以尝试“干净”重新开始:

sudo apt remove mariadb-server
sudo apt autoremove
sudo rm -rf /etc/mysql
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
sudo rm -rf /usr/lib/mysql

然后重新安装 mariadb-server 并按照上述步骤创建正确的文件。