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我在 F# 中定义了一个表达式树结构,如下所示:
type Num = int
type Name = string
type Expr =
| Con of Num
| Var of Name
| Add of Expr * Expr
| Sub of Expr * Expr
| Mult of Expr * Expr
| Div of Expr * Expr
| Pow of Expr * Expr
| Neg of Expr
let (|Unary|Binary|Terminal|) expr =
match expr with
| Add(x, y) -> Binary(x, y)
| Sub(x, y) -> Binary(x, y)
| Mult(x, y) -> Binary(x, y)
| Div(x, y) -> Binary(x, y)
| Pow(x, y) -> Binary(x, y)
| Neg(x) -> Unary(x)
| Con(x) -> Terminal(box x)
| Var(x) -> Terminal(box x)
let operator expr =
match expr with
| Add(_) -> "+"
| Sub(_) | Neg(_) -> "-"
| Mult(_) -> "*"
| Div(_) -> "/"
| Pow(_) -> "**"
| _ -> failwith "There is no operator for the given expression."
let rec format expr =
match expr with
| Unary(x) -> sprintf "%s(%s)" (operator expr) (format x)
| Binary(x, y) -> sprintf "(%s %s %s)" (format x) (operator expr) (format y)
| Terminal(x) -> string x
failwith
operator
的方法函数,因为它不是编译时安全的。所以我把它改写为一个事件模式:
let (|Operator|_|) expr =
match expr with
| Add(_) -> Some "+"
| Sub(_) | Neg(_) -> Some "-"
| Mult(_) -> Some "*"
| Div(_) -> Some "/"
| Pow(_) -> Some "**"
| _ -> None
format
功能精美如下:
let rec format expr =
match expr with
| Unary(x) & Operator(op) -> sprintf "%s(%s)" op (format x)
| Binary(x, y) & Operator(op) -> sprintf "(%s %s %s)" (format x) op (format y)
| Terminal(x) -> string x
Unary(x)
的东西。也将匹配
Operator(op)
和任何匹配
Binary(x, y)
也将匹配
Operator(op)
.我认为这样的警告与编译器错误一样糟糕。
最佳答案
如果将基本术语和复杂术语之间的目的地编码到类型系统中,则可以避免运行时检查并使它们成为完整的模式匹配。
type Num = int
type Name = string
type GroundTerm =
| Con of Num
| Var of Name
type ComplexTerm =
| Add of Term * Term
| Sub of Term * Term
| Mult of Term * Term
| Div of Term * Term
| Pow of Term * Term
| Neg of Term
and Term =
| GroundTerm of GroundTerm
| ComplexTerm of ComplexTerm
let (|Operator|) ct =
match ct with
| Add(_) -> "+"
| Sub(_) | Neg(_) -> "-"
| Mult(_) -> "*"
| Div(_) -> "/"
| Pow(_) -> "**"
let (|Unary|Binary|) ct =
match ct with
| Add(x, y) -> Binary(x, y)
| Sub(x, y) -> Binary(x, y)
| Mult(x, y) -> Binary(x, y)
| Div(x, y) -> Binary(x, y)
| Pow(x, y) -> Binary(x, y)
| Neg(x) -> Unary(x)
let (|Terminal|) gt =
match gt with
| Con x -> Terminal(string x)
| Var x -> Terminal(string x)
let rec format expr =
match expr with
| ComplexTerm ct ->
match ct with
| Unary(x) & Operator(op) -> sprintf "%s(%s)" op (format x)
| Binary(x, y) & Operator(op) -> sprintf "(%s %s %s)" (format x) op (format y)
| GroundTerm gt ->
match gt with
| Terminal(x) -> x
关于f# - 与 AND 模式不完全匹配,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18047642/
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