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python - 为什么我可以在浏览器中查看页面,但可以使用 URL 使用代码下载它

转载 作者:行者123 更新时间:2023-12-04 17:52:27 25 4
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我尝试使用 requestsBeautifulSoup 模块从 google.scholar.com 下载页面。网址是https://scholar.google.com/citations?mauthors=computer+science&hl=en&view_op=search_authors .当我将 url 复制到 Chrome 时,我可以查看该页面。但是,如果我尝试使用 requests 下载它,它会显示 404 NOT FOUND 错误:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, width=device-width" name="viewport"/>
<title>Error 404 (Not Found)!!1</title>
<style>
*{margin:0;padding:0}html,code{font:15px/22px arial,sans-serif}html{background:#fff;color:#222;padding:15px}body{margin:7% auto 0;max-width:390px;min-height:180px;padding:30px 0 15px}* > body{background:url(//www.google.com/images/errors/robot.png) 100% 5px no-repeat;padding-right:205px}p{margin:11px 0 22px;overflow:hidden}ins{color:#777;text-decoration:none}a img{border:0}@media screen and (max-width:772px){body{background:none;margin-top:0;max-width:none;padding-right:0}}#logo{background:url(//www.google.com/images/branding/googlelogo/1x/googlelogo_color_150x54dp.png) no-repeat;margin-left:-5px}@media only screen and (min-resolution:192dpi){#logo{background:url(//www.google.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_color_150x54dp.png) no-repeat 0% 0%/100% 100%;-moz-border-image:url(//www.google.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_color_150x54dp.png) 0}}@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:2){#logo{background:url(//www.google.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_color_150x54dp.png) no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:100% 100%}}#logo{display:inline-block;height:54px;width:150px}
</style>
</head><body><a href="//www.google.com/"><span aria-label="Google" id="logo"></span></a>
<p><b>404.</b> <ins>That’s an error.</ins>
</p><p>The requested URL <code>/citations</code> was not found on this server. <ins>That’s all we know.</ins>
</p></body></html>

除了标题(因为它太长)之外,下载页面的脚本是

url = "https://scholar.google.com/citations?mauthors=computer+science&hl=en&view_op=search_authors"
for i in range(1200):
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, "lxml")
print soup

谁能帮我解决这个问题?

最佳答案

如果您使用的是 Python,则可以使用 BeautifulSoupurllib2 执行类似的操作:

from urllib2 import Request, urlopen
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as soup

url = "https://scholar.google.com/citations?mauthors=computer%20science&hl=en&view_op=search_authors"

def load_url(url):
request = Request(url)
# Add your header here
request.add_header('Referer', 'python.org')
# Note here:
# The charset used in your current website is: 'iso-8859-1'
# data = urlopen(request).read().decode("iso-8859-1")
data = urlopen(request).read()

return soup(data, "lxml")


data = load_url(url)
m = data.findAll("h3", {"class": "gsc_1usr_name"})
for k in m:
print k.get_text()

否则,如果您使用的是 Python3,则可以使用 BeautifulSoupurllib.request 执行类似的操作:

from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as soup

url = "https://scholar.google.com/citations?mauthors=computer%20science&hl=en&view_op=search_authors"

def load_url(url):
request = Request(url)
# Add headers
request.add_header('Referer', 'python.org')

with urlopen(request) as f:
# The charset used
# charset = f.info().get_content_charset()
# Debug
# print("The current charset is:", charset)
data = f.read()

return soup(data, 'lxml')

data = load_url(url)
m = data.findAll("h3", {"class": "gsc_1usr_name"})
for k in m:
print(k.get_text())

输出(对于使用 PythonPython3 的两个代码):

Herbert Simon
Geoffrey Hinton
William H. Press
Jiawei Han
Stephen Boyd
anupam gupta
David S. Johnson
Scott Shenker
Jeffrey Ullman
Deborah Estrin

关于python - 为什么我可以在浏览器中查看页面,但可以使用 URL 使用代码下载它,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43566532/

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